2022

Question 1

for which RNA virus, initially encountered in the gastrointestinal tract, is a vaccine not available

Answer 1

norovirus

Question 2

which virus is the most common agent of gastroenteritis in children

Answer 2

rotavirus

Question 3

similar to 2023
what HIV protein binds to CD4 on host cell surface

Answer 3

gp120

Question 4

what is the main reason that HIV positive individuals are able to transmit the virus many years after their initial infection

Answer 4

viral DNA integrated in the host genome is transcribed by host cell RNA polymerase II

Question 5

what are the characteristics of adenovirus

Answer 5

double-stranded DNA genome, naked capsid

Question 6

what is the role of the human papillomavirus E6 protein during infection

Answer 6

binds p53 and promotes p53 degradation

Question 7

which hepatitis virus causes a high incidence of persistent infections (70% of infections becoming persistent in otherwise healthy adults)

Answer 7

HCV

Question 8

which of the following is characteristic of infection with hepatitis B virus

Answer 8

dane particles

Question 9

what condition, caused by a virus, results in vesicles confined to the fingers and used to be more common among dentists

Answer 9

herpetic whitlow

Question 10

which of the following is a diagnostic for infection with herpes simplex virus type 1

Answer 10

cowdry type A inclusion bodies

Question 11

what is the cause of shingles

Answer 11

varicella zoster virus reactivation

Question 12

a individual who has been vaccinated against HBV would display which of the follow serological properties

Answer 12

presence of anti-HB antibodies combined with absence of all HB antigens

Question 13

which virus genome is directly translated into proteins upon early entry into a cell

Answer 13

hepatitis A virus

Question 14

which class of anti-HIV drug is also effective against hepatitis B virus

Answer 14

reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 15

enfuvirtide is an HIV fusion inhibitor that

Answer 15

binds to gp41

Question 16

which of the following is not a use of passive immunization

Answer 16

to create long-lived immunity

Question 17

what is true about the new COVID-19 vaccine released by Novavax in july 2022

Answer 17

it contains viral spike protein segments

Question 18

what disease is caused by the conversion of the normal PrPC protein to the PRP Scrapie form

Answer 18

creuzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 19

some drugs for treating influenza virus infections block release of new virus from the surface of patients’ infected cells by

Answer 19

inhibiting viral neuraminidase

Question 20

what anti-fungal class binds ergosterol in fungal membranes and alters membrane permeability

Answer 20

polyenes

Question 21

which is a characteristic component of most fungal cell walls

Answer 21

polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine

(NOT N-acetyl-muramic acid polymer)

Question 22

which form of candidiasis is typically associated with the oral mucosal surfaces on which dentures sit

Answer 22

chronic erythematous

Question 23

which fungus lacks a yeast form, only exhibiting a mold form

Answer 23

aspergillus fumigatus

Question 24

which of the following is associated with coccidioides immitis

Answer 24

chronic meningitis

Question 25

what protozoan is chlorine-resistant, making it easy to transmit in public swimming pools

Answer 25

cryptosporidium parvum

Question 26

what agent causes periodic attacks of chills and fever that coincide with massive lysis of red blood cells

Answer 26

plasmodium falciparum

Question 27

what pathogen does not cause a diarrheal disease

Answer 27

toxoplasma gondii

Question 28

eosin methylene Blue agar (EMB) is an example of which type of culture medium used for diagnosis of a bacterial infection

Answer 28

differential medium

Question 29

what is true about a direct ELISA assay detecting specific antibodies in patient serum

Answer 29

there are antibodies from the patient’s serum above a layer of specific antigen bound to the solid support

Question 30

what is true about mechanical transmission with respect to vector-borne pathogens

Answer 30

the pathogen is carried externally on the body of the vector (passively)

Question 31

when considering a propagated epidemic of an infectious disease, what is the minimum number of susceptible individuals necessary to continue propagating the disease

Answer 31

threshold density