2022 Health Promotion Flashcards
What are some health status and health system indicators?
Health Status: Hospitalizations Entirely Caused by Alcohol, Injury Hospitalization; Hospitalized Stroke Event; Hospitalized Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Event
Health System Performance:; Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions; 30-Day Acute Myocardial Infarction In-Hospital Mortality; 30-Day Stroke In-Hospital Mortality; Readmission(s); Hospitalized Hip Fracture Event; Hip Fracture Surgery Within 48 Hours
Community and Health System Characteristics: Inflow/Outflow Ratio(s); Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Cardiac Revascularization; Hip Replacement; Knee Replacement; Hysterectomy; Doctors Rate
What are the steps for Health status assessment?
Identify the necessary
resources to complete
the assessment
* Identify community
partners and their
engagement
* Collecting, analyzing
and presenting data
* Preparing a written
report.
What are the steps in stake holder analysis
Identify stakeholder roles and
expectations
* Determine their overall degree
of involvement (peripheral,
supportive, involved, or core,
as per the stakeholder wheel)
* Determine the specific roles
for each stakeholder in the
planning process, engaging
them in a meaningful way
* Ensure you understand why
each stakeholder is interested
or involved with the program
and/or planning process
government sector, private sector,non-health sector, health sector, community grassroot,
classify according to - core, involved, supportive, perepheral
What are the steps in situational assessment
Identify key
questions
– Develop a data
gathering plan
– Gather the data
– Organize,
synthesize,
summarize the
data
– Communicate
the information
– Consider how to
proceed with
planning
What is the situation?
What influences are making the situation better
and worse?
What possible actions can you take to address
the situation?
⮚ ask your stakeholders what they want and
need to know to plan the program;
⮚ review documents that outline your mandate,
planning requirements, and
community/organization expectations.
⮚ select one or more health promotion or
behaviour change theories that apply to your
situation
How do we go about health promotion program delivery?
Assess
– Population health assessment
– Health needs situational assessment
– Health impact assessment
* Plan
– HP strategy: Community engagement
– HP strategy: Social marketing
– HP strategy: Harm reduction
* Implement
– NIRN model
* Evaluate
Health Impact Assessment
Done to assess health impacts of programs and policies
1.Screening- establish health relevance
2.Scoping- identify key issues
3.Appraisal-Indepth or rapid assessment of health impacts
4.Reporting-conclusions and recommendations
5. Monitoring- actions to mitigate negative health impacts during implementation of program and policy
Health Equity Impact Assessment
Step 1: Scoping
* Step 2: Impacts
* Step 3: Mitigation
* Step 4: Monitoring
* Step 5: Dissemination
health promotion plans
Choose strategies and activities:
– Education- social Marketing
– Environment
– Empowerment- community engagement/development
– Engineering
– Economic- bylaws development
– Enforcement
PROCEDE PRECEDE
PRECEDE stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational/Environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation. As its name implies, it represents the process that precedes, or leads up to, an intervention.
PROCEED spells out Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development, and, true to its name as well, describes how to proceed with the intervention itself.
Phase 1: Identifying the ultimate desired result.
Phase 2: Identifying and setting priorities among health or community issues and their behavioral and environmental determinants that stand in the way of achieving that result, or conditions that have to be attained to achieve that result; and identifying the behaviors, lifestyles, and/or environmental factors that affect those issues or conditions.
Phase 3: Identifying the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors that can affect the behaviors, attitudes, and environmental factors given priority in Phase 2.
Phase 4: Identifying the administrative and policy factors that influence what can be implemented.
Phase 5: Implementation – the design and actual conducting of the intervention.
Phase 6: Process evaluation. Are you actually doing the things you planned to do?
Phase 7: Impact evaluation. Is the intervention having the desired impact on the target population?
Phase 8: Outcome evaluation. Is the intervention leading to the outcome (the desired result) that was envisioned in Phase 1?
What is social marketing?
“the application of
commercial marketing
technologies to the analysis,
planning, execution, and
evaluation of programs
designed to influence
voluntary behavior of target
audiences in order to
improve their personal
welfare and that of society.
product, people, place, price, promotion
How do you approach community engagement?
Inform- inform stakeholders
consult-for stakeholder feedback
involve- work directly with stakeholders
collaborate-partner with community
Empower-shared leadership
benefits of centralization and local public health unit
. Benefits of local of Public health units Flexibility to adapt to local context Relationships with organizations within jurisdictions Better understanding of local context Higher creativity Faster decision making Self-sufficient leaders Happier managers/team members Benefits of centralization of Public Health Powerful data sharing Coordinated response/ more standardization More resources to respond Less expensive (decreased admin costs, more efficient use of money/less wasting/duplication of efforts)
Improved collaboration across jurisdiction
How do you account for confounders during design and analysis stage?
Confounders during analysis- stratification, multivariable regression analysis, standardization, instrumental variable estimation, inverse probability
Confounders during design stage- randomization, restriction, matching, blinding
How would you reduce risk of COVID-19 in outdoor spaces
7 risk reduction options for transmission of COVID and outdoor spaces -Maximize distance and minimize interactions -Close or remove features that cause visitors to gather -Close features on which the virus may have settled -Sanitizing surfaces
-Discourage activities that involve physical contact
-Washrooms- additional sanitation
-Provide opportunities for hand hygiene
-Ensure trash containers are available for discarding PPE
-+ more in the link below
Effects of lock downs
3 risks associated with less access to outdoor spaces
-Mental health impacts and the benefits of green spaces
Reduced physical activity
-Creating drivers for risky behaviors
-Equity impacts of park closures
