2021 Risk Factors Flashcards
A) What is the strongest risk factor for AA
B) List 5 other risk factors for AAA
A) Smoking
B)
- Age >65 years
- Male
- Hypertension
- Family history (first degree relative)
- Obesity
A) What is the most important risk factor for stroke?
B) List 5 other risk factors for stroke
A) Hypertension
B)
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Atrial fibrillation
- Carotid artery disease
- Hyperlipidemia
A) What is the most important risk factor for ischemic heart disease
B) List 5 other risk factors for IHD
A) Smoking
B)
- Hypertension
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hyperlipidemia
- Physical inactivity
- Obesity
- Family history
- Age
A) What is the strongest risk factor for T2DM
B) List 5 other risk factors for T2DM
A) Central obesity/excess body fat
B)
- Smoking
- Hypertension
- Physical inactivity
- Family history
- Age
- Elevated triglycerides
A) List 6 non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer
B) List 6 modifiable risk factors for breast cancer
A) Non-Modifiable
- Age
- Genetic mutations
- Early puberty & late menopause
- Dense breasts
- Previous radiation therapy
- Previous diethylstilbestrol use
B) Modifiable
- Physical inactivity
- Overweight/obese after menopause
- Ceratin HRT taken for >5 years
- First pregnancy >30 years
- Not breastfeeding
- Alcohol
A) List 6 non-modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer
B) LIst 6 modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer
A) Non-modifiable
- Age
- Personal history of certain types of polyps (adenomatous)
- Personal history of inflammatory bowel disease
- Family history of CRC
- Inherited syndrome (Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer or Familial adenomatous polyposis)
- Racial and ethnic background - African american or Ashkenazi Jews
B) Modifiable
- Alcohol
- Overweight/obese
- Diet high in processed or red meat
- physical inactivity
- Smoking
- Diet low in fibre
List 6 risk factors for cervical cancer
- Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV)
- Sexual activity with many sexual partners
- Smoking
- Giving birth many times
- Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- History of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Oral contraceptives
- History of Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
A) List 3 risk factors with good evidence as a risk factor for prostate cancer
B) List 3 other possible risk factors for prostate cancer
A) Good evidence
- Age
- African ancestry
- Family history
B) Some evidence
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Diets high in dairy products and calcium
List 6 risk factors for lung cancer
- Smoking tobacco
- Radon exposure
- Asbestos exposure
- Exposure to outdoor air pollutants
- Radiation therapy exposure
- Arsenic in drinking water exposure
List 6 risk factors for depression
- Certain personality traits, such as low self-esteem and being too dependent, self-critical or pessimistic
- Traumatic or stressful events, such as physical or sexual abuse, the death or loss of a loved one, a difficult relationship, or financial problems
- Family history of depression, bipolar disorder, alcoholism or suicide
- Personal history of other mental health disorders, such as anxiety disorder, eating disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder
- Abuse of alcohol or recreational drugs
- Serious or chronic illness, including cancer, stroke, chronic pain or heart disease
- Certain medications, such as some high blood pressure medications or sleeping pills
A) List 6 risk factors for suicide
B) List 6 protective factors for suicide
A) Risk
- have a serious mental health and/or addiction problem
- have had a recent major loss (for example, the death of a loved one or a job loss)
- have a family history of suicide
- have made previous suicide attempts
- have a serious physical illness
- have an impulsive personality
- lack support from family or friends
- have access to weapons, medications or other lethal means of suicide.
B) Protective
- positive social supports
- a sense of responsibility for others, such as having children in the home or having pets
- positive coping skills
- a positive relationship with a medical or mental health provider
- self-efficacy (a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations)
- a religious belief that suicide is wrong.
https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-illness-and-addiction-index/suicide
A) List 6 risk factors for SIDS
B) List protective factors for SIDS
- Sleeping in prone position
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy
- Exposure to second hand smoke
- Bed sharing
- Sleeping on unsafe surfaces e.g. sofas, waterbeds, i.e. not firm
- Bedding, blankets, loose objects in sleep area/crib
- Overheating - layered clothing, blankets etc.
B) Protective
- Breastfeeding
- Room-sharing
- Firm sleep surface
- Uncluttered crib
- Appropriate clothing/sleep sack that is not too warm
- Avoid exposure to tobacco smoke/quit smoking
- Don’t use drugs/alcohol while caring for baby
- Always sleep on back
A) List 6 risk factors for teenage pregnancy
- Living in a single parent home
- Early sexual activity
- Early alcohol and drug use
- Living in a home with frequent family conflict
- Child of a mother who was a teen parent
- Low self-esteem
List 6 risk factors for ovarian cancer
- Increasing age - most ovarian cancers develop after menopause
- Overweight/obesity
- Nulliparity or first pregnancy after 35 years of age
- Tobacco smoking
- Personal history of breast cancer
- Sedentary behaviour
- Family history of ovarian cancer
List 6 risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease
- Increasing age
- Personal history of head trauma
- Family history
- Down syndrome
- Mild cognitive impairment
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Lack of exercise
- Obesity
- Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes
