2022

Question 1

Give one example of a sport played by the lower classes in pre-industrial times and identify one
characteristic of it.

Answer 1

mob football, smock racing, pedestrianism —–»> simple with few rules, irregular, violent, local

Question 2

Describe two aims of the modern Olympic Games.

Answer 2

To educate young people to improve international understanding, develop of competitors to develop physical and moral qualities

Question 3

Using examples, explain how internet-based media might educate people about sport.

Answer 3

Improve sport technique by watching videos, learn about opportunities using websites e.g. BBC sport, increase knowledge about sports/clubs/players using apps

Question 4

Outline 2 roles of UK Sport

Answer 4

Attract top level competitions to the UK and distribute lottery funding

Question 5

3 examples of deviance in sport

Answer 5

Taking illegal performance enhancing drugs, illegal gambling (match fixing), player violence (aggression on pitch), bribery (bribing officials and players), hooliganism (spectator violence)

Question 6

Identify social and cultural factors that influenced an increase in sport participation for working class in post 1850

Answer 6

shorter working hours (half days), public holidays (bank hols), new facilities, better education so understand complex rules, improved transport e.g. railways, increased income

Question 7

1936 Olympics political incident

Answer 7

Berlin - games used as Nazi propaganda

Question 8

1968 Olympics political incident

Answer 8

Mexico City - black power demonstration against lack of civil rights in USA

Question 9

1972 Olympics political incident

Answer 9

Munich - Palestinian terrorists kidnapped Israeli athletes to demand release of Palestinian prisoners

Question 10

1980 Olympics political incident

Answer 10

Moscow - USA boycotted games to protest against Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Question 11

1984 Olympics political incident

Answer 11

LA - communist boycott in retaliation for Moscow

Question 12

how do political incidents at olympics affect host country

Answer 12

financially - loss of sponsorship/funding, loss of tourism, poor image/reputation

Question 13

Compare 21st century elite women’s sport with elite women’s sport in 1980.

Answer 13

increased media coverage, less female stereotyping for sportswomen, increased elite competitions/fixtures, higher salary/income, more role models in variety if sports

Question 14

Explain the links between the rise in spectatorism and the social, cultural and sporting
developments in the early 20th century

Answer 14

half day wed and sat so more time to attend, more income so money for tickets and transport, public transport improved so easier to get there, improved facilities (greater capacity), printed media so more awareness

Question 15

Describe four factors that have led to the commercialisation of contemporary sport.

Answer 15

globalisation (international exposure attracts sponsors), increased media coverage attracts sponsors, increased merchandise/marketing associated with sport

Question 16

explain how modern technology can increase safety in sport.

Answer 16

improved detection of foul play e.g. review and third officials, limb kinematics/video analysis identifies poor technique, enhanced safety equip to prevent injury

Question 17

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of taking legal supplements to enhance
performance.

Answer 17

+ no punishment for taking + less likely to harm - side effects (health problems e.g. creatine causes digestive problems) - not as effective