2021 Flashcards
1 Which one of these statements about the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is CORRECT? [1.5 marks]
A Postganglionic terminals always release acetylcholine
B Preganglionic neurons may have their cell bodies in spinal cord segments S2 through S4
C Ganglia are located relatively close to the central nervous system
D Ganglionic neurons have their cell bodies within or adjacent to the target organs
E Preganglionic neurons may have their cell bodies in the brain stem
C
2 Which of the following statements is CORRECT in regards to neurotransmission in the
autonomic nervous system? [1.5 marks]
A post-ganglionic cholinergic neurons release acetylcholine which acts on muscarinic
receptors
B pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons release acetylcholine which acts on muscarinic
receptors
C post-ganglionic sympathetic adrenergic neurons release adrenaline which acts on
nicotinic receptors
D pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons release acetylcholine which acts on muscarinic receptors
E post-ganglionic sympathetic adrenergic neurons release acetylcholine which acts on
nicotinic receptors
A
3 Mild stress is a healthy and necessary part of life, because small amounts of noradrenaline are released. Which of the following statements about noradrenaline during mild stress is INCORRECT? Noradrenaline [1.5 marks].
A encourages creative thinking
B stimulates the brain to grow new connections
C creates new memories
D improves mood
E increases long-term depression and shortens long-term potentiation
E
4 Which of the following statements about the effects of chronic stress on the brain is
INCORRECT? [1.5 marks] Prolonged stress
A damages the structure of neurons within the amygdala
B makes the hippocampus behave like an amygdala
C enhances implicit fear conditioning by amygdaloid plasticity
D reduces the inhibitory effect of hippocampus neurons on the hypothalamus
E impairs hippocampal-dependent explicit learning and plasticity
B
