2018 T01 Test Revision Questions Flashcards
What is a micro-organism?
A micro-organism is a living creature that is too small to be seen by the naked eye.
Where do we find micro- organisms?
All around us: in the air, in the water, in our bodies and in the food that we eat.
What is yeast?
A type of fungus that is used in the bread making process.
How does yeast work in bread?
If the yeast has the right temperature and conditions, it will grow. The yeast feeds off the sugar (or flour-carbohydrates) and breaks it down. It then produces a carbon dioxide gas. This gas gets trapped in the dough and creates pockets of gas that make the bread rise. When the dough is heated during baking, the heat causes the pockets of gas to expand, making large spaces in the bread, and we have nice fluffy bread.
Who invented the microscope and what did he discover?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek. He discovered a whole world of protozoa living in pond water, he was also the first to observe bacteria and blood flow in capillaries.
What was the reaction of the scientific societies to Leeuwenhoek’s discoveries?
Many were doubtful and didn’t believe him at first.
Who was Edward Jenner and what did he discover?
He was a skillful and popular doctor who studied medicine from an early age.
What did Edward Jenner discover?
He discovered a vaccine for small pox.
What were Edward Jenner’s results in relation to Smallpox?
He noticed that milkmaids didn’t get smallpox but got cowpox. He took some pus from a milkmaid with cow pox and infected a young boy with it. The boy got a slight fever. Jenner then infected him with smallpox and the boy did not get smallpox. His body had built up resistance and was now immune.
What is mould?
Mould is a type of fungus. Another type of fungus is yeast.
What conditions does mould require to grow?
A warm, moist, dark area with a food source.
List some benefits of mould.
Mould breaks down dead substances and deposits them back into the ecosystem. For example if a tree dies in the woods the mould would break it back down in to soil.
Also we eat some moulds such as mushrooms.
Finally, moulds help us create antibiotics such as penicillin and many others. Many say we could not live without mould.
Although there are many ways in which mould helps us there are also many moulds that are extremely harmful and should be taken very seriously.
How does mould reproduce?
Mould reproduces by producing and spreading spores which are in the air and soil. They will only grow when they have the right conditions for growth - a dark, moist, warm place with plant or animal matter for them to use as food.
List 5 places you might find mould growing.
Damp books, bathrooms, dead trees/ vegetation, rotting fruit and vegetables, bread.
What are bacteria and what do they require?
Bacteria are a type of micro-organism. Some of them are helpful, others are harmful.
What is exponential multiplication?
This occurs when 1 cell splits into 2, then those cells split into 2, and this process continues.
List 3 deadly bacteria.
E.coli, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Tetanus, and Tuberculosis.
What is a virus?
A small, infectious micro-organism that only reproduces inside the living cells of other organisms.
How do viruses spread?
Through coughing, sneezing or touching infected items, then touching mouth or nose or eyes. The virus enters through the nose, goes into a cell and then multiplies inside it.
How can we stop the spread of viruses?
Sneeze or cough straight into a tissue and wash our hands immediately after.
How did Staphylococcus develop?
From the overuse of antibiotics.
What are antibiotics?
A medicine that kills bacteria.
Who was Alexander Fleming and what did he do?
A scientist who observed that bacteria couldn’t grow around a mould called ‘Penicillin’.
What is penicillin?
The first antibiotic.
How did Penicillin change the world?
Prevented countless deaths from wounds and infections. Led to new discoveries in antibiotics.
