2018 Science T01W07 Flashcards
What is a petri dish?
Named after the German bacteriologist Julius RichardPetri, a petri dish is a shallow cylindrical glass or plastic lidded dish that biologists use to culture cells – such as bacteria – or small mosses.
How many lives do experts believe penicillin has saved?
Some experts estimate that penicillin has saved more than 80 million lives since its initial discovery.
What researcher gets the credit for having invented the first antibiotic?
Fleming often gets the credit for having invented the first antibiotic, however, the bulk of the work was eventually conducted by scientists who had a much better-stocked laboratory and a deeper understanding of chemistry.
Which doctors were responsibe for the in-depth studies on antibiotics?
Dr. Howard Florey, Dr. Norman Heatley and Dr. Ernst Chain carried out the first in-depth and focused studies.
Where do bacteria reproduce?
Bacteria quickly reproduce inside a hosts body.
Where does a virus hide?
Virus hide inside the hosts own cells
Do white blood cells attack viruses or bacteria readily?
White blood cells can identify and attack bacteria readily but they may not recognise a virus.
White blood cells may not recognise bacteria or viruses?
They may not recognise a virus. White blood cells can identify and attack bacteria readily.
What is a virus?
A virus is a miniscule pocket of protein that contains genetic material.
What happens if you place bacterium near a virus?
If you placed a virus next to a bacterium, the virus would be dwarfed.
What do T-lymphocytes do with viruses?
T-lymphocytes can recognise and kill cells containing viruses
What do white blood cells do?
White blood cells help fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and germs that invade the body.
Your body’s immune system.
How much of your blood do white blood cells make up?
White blood cells account for only about 1% of your blood, however, their impact is significant
What are white blood cells also called?
White blood cells are also called leukocytes.
Do antibiotics work to kill viruses?
Antibiotics are useless against viral infections.
Why are viruses challenging for the body’s immune system?
Viruses pose a considerable challenge to the body’s immune system because they hide inside cells. This makes it difficult for antibodies to reach them.
How do antiviral drugs work?
Antiviral drugs work differently to antibiotics, by interfering with the viral enzymes instead.
List some viruses that antiviral drugs are effective in fighting.
Antiviral drugs are currently only effective against a few viral diseases, such as influenza, herpes, hepatitis B and C and HIV – but research is ongoing.
Modern medicine combats bacterial infections through the use of ?
Penicillin.
Another name for Penicillin is?
Antibiotics.
Out of the doctors that were responsibe for the in-depth studies on antibiotics, what was the name of the Chemist that worked with this group?
Dr. Ernst Chain.
Based on what we have learnt in class which 3 scientists won the Nobel Prize for penicillin?
Fleming, Florey and Chain.
What was Norman Healty’s genius?
He could make medical equiptment from hospital rubbish.
A miniscule pocket of protein that contains genetic material is called?
Virus.
White blood cells?
Attack viruses, bacteria and germs.
Leukocytes in the body are?
White blood cells and are essential for protection against illness and disease.
Why are antibiotics useless against viruses?
Because viruses hide inside your own cells and because viruses do not have a cell wall.
How do antiviral drugs work?
By interfering with the viral enzymes.
Name a naturally occurring protein the body produces to help fight viral infections.
Interferon.
Name some Viruses that Antiviral drugs are effective against?
Influenza, herpes, hepatitis B and C and HIV.
What was the name of the Australian who was the youngest ever professor at Oxford ?
Howard Florey.
