2016 AS 1 Flashcards
Bacterium HIV RNA Cell wall Enzyme molecules Capsid
Bacterium HIV
yes yes
yes no
yes yes
no yes
Describe how the complementary strand of HIV DNA is made
Complementray base pair
Dna polymerase
Nucleotides join together/phosphodiester bonds
Contrast the strucutures of DNA and mRNA molecules to give three differences
DNA lond RNA short Deoxyribose in DNA Ribose in RNA DNA has H-bonding mRNA doesnt DNA has introns
Cannot be digested by enzyme Suggest why
Substrate not complementary
Unable to bind –> No E-S
Cannot cross cell surface membranes
It is
Hydrophillic
Polar
Too big
Describe how ATP is synthesized in cells
ADP + pi
By ATP sythase
During Respiration/Photoysnythesis
How hydroylsis of ATP is used in cells
Add phosphate to molecule —-> more reactive
To provide energy for active transport
Y is a channel protein what is its function. it transports cellulose
Y has active site/ forms ES
That makes cellulose attach substrate to cellulose
Describe the induced-fit model of enzyme action
Before reaction active site not complementary to substrate
Shape of active site changes as E-S forms
Bending bonds in substrate
Describe how scientist would have produced a calibration curve of colorimeter reading against concentration of maltose
Make maltose solutions of different concentrations ( carry out quan Benedcits test on each)
Use colorimeter to measure colour of each solution and plot calibration curve
Find concentration of sample from calibration curve
They determined the means. Which stats test
t-test
Comparing two means
There is genetic diversity within the virus
Give two ways doctors could use base sequences to compare different types of virus
Compare base sequences of DNA
Look for mutations
Compare (base sequences) of (m)RNA
How protein can be the substrate of different enzymes
Different amino sequences of protein
Each enzyme is specific to different part of protein
