2016-05-07

Question 1

んです goes after the short form of a predicate. The predicate can be either in the affirmative or in the negative, either in the present tense or in the past tense. In writing, it is more common to find のです instead of んです。

Answer 1

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Question 2

In casual exchanges, んです appears in its short form んだ. In casual question, んですか is replaced by の。

Answer 2

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Question 3

んです: when it follows a noun or a na-adjective, な comes in between.

Answer 3

静かです==>静かなんです

がくせいです==>学生なんです

Question 4

• Why did you break up with your boyfriend?

- He never takes a bath.

Answer 4

どうして彼と別（わか）れたんですか。彼は、全然お風呂に入らないんです。

Question 5

• What happened? - My cat died.

Answer 5

どうしたんですか。私の猫が死んだんです。

A　どうしたんですか question is best answered by a んです sentence with the subject market with the particle が rather than は.

Question 6

すぎる 過ぎる- too much or to excess. Conjugates as a ru-verb。It follows verb stems.

Answer 6

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Question 7

You must not eat too much.

Answer 7

食べ過（す）ぎてはいけません。

Question 8

I got up too early.

Answer 8

早く起きすぎました。

Question 9

すぎるcan also follow i-adj and na-adj bases (the parts which do not change in conjugations); you drop the い and な at the end of the adjective and then add すぎる

Answer 9

。

Question 10

That person is too nice.

Answer 10

あのひとは親切（しんせつ）すぎます。

Question 11

When the advice is in the affirmative,ほうがいいです generally follows the past tense short form of a verb. When the advice is in the negative, the verb is in the present tense short form.

Answer 11

You’d better eat more vegetables.　もっと野菜を食べたほうがいいですよ。

It is better not to skip classes.授業（じゅぎょう）を休まないほうがいいですよ。

Question 12

My Japanese has improved because I always speak Japanese.

Answer 12

いつも日本語で話すので、日本語が上手になりました。

Question 13

ので – the reason part ends in a short form predicate. When ので follows a na-adj or a noun, な comes in between.

Answer 13

I don’t like that person because he is mean.　あの人はいじわるなので、嫌いです。
Banks are closed because it is a Sunday today.　日曜日なので、（銀行）ぎんこう休みです。

Question 14

I did not sleep last night because I had a lot of homework.

Answer 14

宿題がたくさんあったので、昨日の夜、寝ませんでした。

Question 15

なくちゃいけません - substitute ない in the negative short form of a verb with なくちゃ

Answer 15

食べる；食べない；食べなくちゃいけません；
言う；言わない；言わなくちゃいけません；
する；しない；しなくちゃいけません；
くる；こない；こなくちゃいけません

Question 16

Can change なくちゃいけません to なくちゃいけませんでした for “you had to”, and to なくちゃいけない (the short form present tense) in casual speech and before elements likeんです。

Answer 16

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Question 17

I had to get up at six this morning.

Answer 17

けさは、6時に起きなくちゃいけませんでした。

Question 18

The truth is I must practice every day.

Answer 18

毎日練習しなくちゃいけないんです。

Question 19

でしょう follows verbs and i-adj in short forms, in the affirmative and in the negative. It may also follow na-adj bases and nouns, and goes directly after these elements.

Answer 19

.

Question 20

It will probably rain tmr/It will probably not rain tmr.

Answer 20

明日は雨が降るでしょう。明日は雨が降らないでしょう。

Question 21

It is probably cold in Hokkaido./not cold.

Answer 21

北海道は寒いでしょう。北海道は寒くないでしょう。

Question 22

He probably likes fish./not like fish.

Answer 22

彼は魚が好きでしょう。彼は魚が好きじゃないでしょう。

Question 23

That person is probably Australian./probably not.

Answer 23

あの人はアーストラリア人でしょう。あの人はオーストラリア人じゃないでしょう。

Question 24

でしょう can be used to invite another person’s opinion or guess. Which would you say is more difficult, Japanese or Korean?

Answer 24

日本語と韓国語と、どっちのほうが難しいでしょうか。

Question 25

The short form of でしょう is だろう. I think Takeshi would be interested in it.

Answer 25

武志さんは興味があるだろうと思います。

Question 26

I walked around/through the park.

Answer 26

公園（こうえん）を散歩した。

Question 27

It was finished in five minutes.

Answer 27

ごふんで終わりました。

Question 28

なし　無し - without. Can only be used with nouns, not with verbs.
I ate without chopsticks.

Answer 28

お箸無しで食べました.