2015 Block Paper Flashcards
What are the retinal 1st order neurons?
Rods
Cones
In wet AMD, the vascular membrane may form from?
Choroid
Asymmetry of the cup disc ratio between two eyes is not significant
True or false?
False
Glaucoma screening is important
True or false?
True
A cup disc ratio of 0.3 is glaucoma
True or false?
False
The degeneration of which photoreceptor in retinitis pigmentosa is worse?
Rods > cones
Name the structures that pass through the superior orbital fissure
Lacrimal nn Frontal nn Trochlear nn Superior ophthalmic vv Nasociliary nn Abducens nn Oculomotor nn
Distinctive presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Purulent discharge
Most common form of blindness in the West?
Cataracts
Types of macular degeneration?
Wet
Dry
Nerve supply and function of the superior oblique muscle
Trochlear nerve
Depression of the eye
Abduction of the eye
Onset of wet AMD?
Sudden onset of visual disturbances
Drusen deposits are found between?
RPE and Bruch’s membrane
Retina pigment epithelial cell atrophy is typical
Typical non-pharmaceutical AMD treatment?
Oral antioxidant + mineral combinations
Broad spectrum antibiotic for ocular infections?
Chloramphenicol
Typical presentation of wet AMD?
Choroidal neovascularisation
Typical pharmaceutical treatmet of AMD?
PDT
Anti-VEGF
Distinctive symptom of dry AMD?
Central visual loss
What is a cause of bitemporal hemianopia?
Pituitary adenoma
Distinctive symptom of wet AMD?
Metamorphopsia
Treatment for blepharitis?
Topical antibiotics
Herpes simplex keratitis lesion description and treatment
Dendritic ulcer with a terminal
Steroids
Blurred optic disc margins are a sign of?
Papilloedema
Features of glaucoma?
Visual field loss
Optic disc cupping
Which AMD type has a worse prognosis?
Wet
How does one screen for choroidal neovascularisation in wet AMD?
Flucrescein angiography
What is the origin of the ophthalmic artery?
Internal carotid artery
Risk factors for acute closed-angle glaucoma?
Analgesia Elderly Laser iridotomy Topical beta blockers (raise IOP) Systemic acetozolamide (raise IOP) Genetics Steroid use African people
Anterior blephaitis presents with?
Eyelash scruff
Risk factor for AMD?
Smoking
Treatment for allergic conjnctivitis?
Levocabastine
Most common type of pathogen of the eye?
Virus
Sties are commonly caused by which micro-organism?
Staphylococcus aureus
Viral conjunctivitis is commonly caused by?
Adenovirus
What are the retinal 2nd order neurons?
Bipolar neurons
Horizontal cells
Glaucoma treatment
Trabeculotomy (create channel in angle of ant chamber)
What can drainage as treatment in glaucoma cause?
Cataract formation
Treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis?
Parenteral antibiotics
Common cause of posterior blepharitis?
Blocked meibomian gland
Cause of bacterial eye infection in children?
Haemophilus influenza
Which types of glaucoma are difficult to treat?
Secondary
Congenital
Name of the space anterior to the lens?
Posterior chamber
Primary open angle glaucoma makes up what percentage of glaucoma cases?
Around 33%
