2014 Chapter 3 - Natural Selection and Evolution

Question 1

Analogous

Answer 1

structures that appear similar or have the same function but are controlled by different genes

Question 2

Artificial selection

Answer 2

the process by which people choose to breed particular organisms with desirable features; also known as selective breeding or directed selection

Question 3

Cross-breeding

Answer 3

selective breeding by combining a desirable feature of one individual with another in the offspring

Question 4

Evolution

Answer 4

change in the characteristics of a species over many generations

Question 5

Generation

Answer 5

the time between the birth of an individual and when they produce their own offspring

Question 6

Homologous

Answer 6

structures that are controlled by some of the same inherited genes

Question 7

Inbreeding

Answer 7

selective breeding in which closely related individuals are allowed to breed

Question 8

Antibiotics

Answer 8

chemicals made by organisms such as fungi to defend them against bacteria

Question 9

Natural selection

Answer 9

the process where an environmental factor acts on a population and results in some organisms having more offspring than others

Question 10

Resistance

Answer 10

inherited ability of a species to withstand chemicals such as pesticides

Question 11

Selective agent

Answer 11

the environmental factor that acts on the population during natural selection

Question 12

Sexual selection

Answer 12

a special case of natural selection where the environmental factor is the selection of a mate

Question 13

Variation

Answer 13

differences in characteristics due to different genes

Question 14

Biodiversity

Answer 14

the number and range of different species that exist on Earth or in an ecosystem

Question 15

Distribution

Answer 15

a map of all the places where a species occurs

Question 16

Embryology

Answer 16

the study of the embryos of different species

Question 17

Isolation

Answer 17

keeping interbreeding groups apart by some barrier or mechanism

Question 18

Species

Answer 18

a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring under natural conditions

Question 19

Speciation

Answer 19

the process by which one species splits into two or more separate species

Question 20

Transitional form

Answer 20

fossils that have features of two or more different groups