Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

step3 > 2014-03-07 USMLE preventive and stats - USMLE preventive and stats > Flashcards

2014-03-07 USMLE preventive and stats - USMLE preventive and stats Flashcards

1
Q

Vit A defeciency causes

A
  • night blindness
  • scaly rash
  • xerophthalmia
  • bitot spots
  • increased infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vit A toxicity causes

A
  • pseudotumor cerebri
  • bone thickening
  • teratogenicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vit D defeciency causes

A
  • rickets
  • osteomalacia
  • hypocalcemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vit D toxicity causes

A
  • hypercalcemia
  • nausea/vomiting
  • renal stones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vit E defeciency causes

A
  • anemia
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • ataxia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vit E toxicity causes

A

necrotizing enterocolitis in infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vit K defeciency causes

A
  • hemorrhage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vit K toxicity causes

A
  • hemolysis/kernicterus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

B1 is aka

A

thiamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

thiamine is aka

A

B1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Thiamine deficiency causes

A
  • cardiac failure
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • Wernicke/Korsakoff syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Wet beriberi is

A

high output cardiac failure from thiamine deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dry beriberi is

A

peripheral neuropahty from thiamine deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

B3 is aka

A

niacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Niacin is aka

A

B3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Niacin defeciency causes

A
  • pellagra: dementia dermatitis, diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

B6 aka

A

pyridoxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pyridoxine aka

A

B6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pyridoxine defeciency causes

A
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • cheilosis
  • stomatitis
  • convulsions in infants
  • microcytic anemia
  • seborrheic dermatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Only B vitamin with known toxicity

A

B6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

B6 toxicity causes

A

peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

B12 is aka

A

cobalamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cobalamin is aka

A

B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

B12 defeciency causes

A

megaloblastic anemia with neurological symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Folic acid defeciency causes

A

megaloblastic anemia without neurological symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Vitamin C defeciency causes

A
  • scurvy
  • poor wound healing
  • hyperkaratotic hair follicles
  • bone pain from periosteal hemorrhage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Iodine defeciency causes

A
  • goiter
  • cretinism
  • hypothyroidism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Iodine toxicity causes

A
  • myxedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Fluorine defeciency causes

A

cavities

30
Q

Fluorine toxicity causes

A
  • mottling of teeth

- bone exstoses

31
Q

Zinc defeciency causes

A
  • decrease taste
  • rash
  • slow wound healing
32
Q

Copper deficiency causes

A

Menke’s disease (X-linked, kinky hair and mental retardation)

33
Q

Boy with kinky hair and mental retardation likely has

A

copper deficiency with Menke’s disease

34
Q

Copper toxicity is seen in this disease

A

Wilson disease

35
Q

Selenium deficiency causes

A
  • cardiomyopathy

- muscle pain

36
Q

Selenium toxicity causes

A

loss of hair and nails

37
Q

Manganese toxicity causes

A

“madness”

38
Q

Manganese toxicity occurs in

A

miners of ore

39
Q

Chromium defeciency causes

A

impaired glucose tolerance

40
Q

what causes craniotabes?

A

rickets

41
Q

What is rachitic rosary?

A

costochondral beading in rickets

42
Q

Where do bony changes of rickets first occur?

A

at ends of the radius and ulna

43
Q

What is the most common cause of B12 defeciency?

A

pernicious anemia

44
Q

Pernicious anemia is what type of disorder?

A

autoimmune

45
Q

Pernicious anemia is associated with what other disorders

A

Other autoimmune:

  • vitiligo
  • hypothyroid
  • hypoadrenalism
46
Q

What parasite causes B12 defeciency?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum (tapeworm)

47
Q

Removal of this will cause B12 defeciency

A

the ileium

48
Q

What test is used to determine the cause of B12 defeciency?

A

Schilling test

49
Q

What does perinatal Vitamin K prevent?

A

hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

50
Q

How do you treat high INR in liver disease

A
  • with FFP, Vit K does not work because need synthetic function of the liver
51
Q

Screening for colon cancer

A
  • Above age 50
  • stool occult blood every year
  • sigmoidoscopy or double contract enema every 5 years
    OR
  • colonoscopy every 10 years
52
Q

Screening for prostate cancer

A
  • above 50
  • annual rectal exam
  • offer annual PSA
53
Q

Screening for cervical cancer

A

Age 18-65

- each year, if normal x2 then can do pap every 3 years

54
Q

Screening for gynecologic cancers

A
  • age 20-40 pelvic q 3 years

- over 40 pelvic every year

55
Q

Screening for endometrial cancer

A

endometrial biopsy once at menopause

56
Q

Screening for breast cancer

A
  • 20+ monthy self exam
  • 20-40 exam q 3 years
  • over 40 exam q year and mammography annually
57
Q

Screening for thryoid cancer

A

20-40 exam every 3 years

40+ exam every year

58
Q

Screening for testicular cancer

A

20-40 exam every 3 years

40+ exam every year

59
Q

Screening for ovarian cancer

A

20-40 exam every 3 years

40+ exam every year

60
Q

Screening for thymphoma

A

20-40 exam every 3 years

40+ exam every year

61
Q

Screening for oral cancer

A

20-40 exam every 3 years

40+ exam every year

62
Q

Screening for skin cancer

A

20-40 exam every 3 years

40+ exam every year

63
Q

What adults should get Hep B vaccine?

A

Anyone who wants it; anyone at high risk (health care)

64
Q

What adults should get influenza vaccine?

A
  • over 50
  • high risk
  • pregnant during flu season
  • contacts of high risk patients
65
Q

What adults should get pneumococcus vaccine?

A
  • over 65

- high risk, including DM

66
Q

What adults should get rubella vaccine

A
  • women of childbearing age who are not immune
  • OK in HIV but not other immunocompromised
  • no pregnancy within 3 months of vaccine
67
Q

What adults should get Td vaccine

A

All adults every 10 years

68
Q

Top 3 causes of infant death

A
  • congenital malformations
  • prematurity/low birth weight
  • SIDS
69
Q

Top 3 causes of maternal mortality (within 42 days of birth of child)

A
  • pulmonary embolism
  • hypertension
  • hemorrhage
70
Q

How does prevalence affect PPV of a test?

A

higher prevalence = greater PPV

71
Q

How does sensitivity affect NPV of a test?

A

more sensitive = greater NPV

step3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions