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step3 > 2014-03-07 USMLE Pharmacology - USMLE Pharmacology > Flashcards

2014-03-07 USMLE Pharmacology - USMLE Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Sexual side effect of trazodone

A

priapism

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2
Q

2 key side effects of ASA

A
  • GI bleed

- hypersensitivity

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3
Q

Classic side effect of bleomycin

A

pulmonary fibrosis

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4
Q

Classic side effect of cyclophasophamide

A

hemorrhagic cystitis

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5
Q

Classic side effect of buproprion

A

seizures

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6
Q

3 classic side effects of isoniazid

A
  • Vit B 6 deficeincy
  • lupus
  • liver toxicity
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7
Q

Classic side effect of cyclosporine

A

nephrotoxic

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8
Q

Classic side effect of PCN

A

anaphylaxis

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9
Q

PCN may cause a rash with which virus

A

EBV

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10
Q

Classic side effect of ACE inhibitors

A

cough

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11
Q

Classic side effect of demeclocycline

A

diabetes insipidus

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12
Q

2 classic side effects of lithium

A
  • diabetes insipidus

- thyroid dysfunction

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13
Q

Classic side effect of methoxyflurance

A

diabetes insipidus

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14
Q

2 classic side effects of sulfa drugs

A
  • allergies

- kernicterus in neonates

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15
Q

2 classic side effects of halothane

A
  • liver necrosis

- malignant hypertheria

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16
Q

Classic side effect of local anesthetic

A

seizures

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17
Q

4 classic side effects of phenytoin

A
  • folate deficiency
  • teratogen
  • hirsutism
  • gum hypertrophy
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18
Q

Classic side effect of vincristine

A

peripheral neuropathy

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19
Q

Classic side effect of valproic acid

A

neural tube defects

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20
Q

Isotretinoin is a terrible ______

A

teratogen

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21
Q

Thioridazine classically causes

A
  • retinal deposits

- cardiac toxicity

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22
Q

2 classic side effects of heparin

A
  • thombocytopenia

- thrombosis

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23
Q

Vancomycin’s classic side effect

A

red man syndrom

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24
Q

Classic side effect of clofibrate

A

increase GI neoplasms

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25
Q

Classic side effect of tetracyclines (2)

A
  • photosensitivity

- teeth staining in children

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26
Q

Classic side effect of quinolones in kids

A

cartilage damage (also makes in teratogenic)

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27
Q

Classic side effect of quinine

A

tinnitus, vertigo (cinchonisms)

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28
Q

Classic pancreas side effect of morphine

A

Sphincter of oddi spasm

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29
Q

Classic side effect of clindamycin (or other broad spectrum antibiotic)

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

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30
Q

2 classic side effects of chloramphenicol

A
  • aplastic anemia

- chloramphenicol

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31
Q

Classic side effect of doxyrubicin

A

cardiomyopathy

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32
Q

2 classic side effects of basulfan

A
  • pulmonary fibrosis

- adrenal failure

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33
Q

MAOIs + cheese/wine =

A

tyramine crisis

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34
Q

Classic side effect of hydralazine

A

lupus

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35
Q

Classic side effect of procainamide

A

lupus

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36
Q

Classic side effect of minoxidil

A

hirsutism

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37
Q

2 classic side effects of aminoglycosides

A
  • hearing loss

- renal toxicity

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38
Q

Classic side effect of chlorpropamide

A

SIADH

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39
Q

Classic side effect of oxytocin

A

SIADH

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40
Q

Electrolyte side effect of opiates

A

SIADH

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41
Q

2 classic side effects of DDI

A
  • pancreatitis

- peripheral neurology

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42
Q

Classic side effect of succinylcholine

A

malignant hyperthermia

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43
Q

Classic side effect of zidovudine

A

bone marrow suppression

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44
Q

3 classic side effects of digitalis

A
  • GI
  • vision changes
  • arrhythmias
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45
Q

Classic side effect ofacetazolamide

A

metabolic acidosis

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46
Q

Trimethadione is a terrible

A

teratogen

47
Q

Classic side effect of clozapine

A

agranulocytosis

48
Q

3 classic side effects of SSRIs

A
  • anxiety
  • agitation
  • insomnia
49
Q

2 Classic side effects of warfarin

A
  • necrosis

- teratogen

50
Q

2 Classic side effects of niacin

A
  • flushing

- pruritus

51
Q

Classic side effect of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors

A

liver and muscle toxicity

52
Q

Classic side effect of ethambutol

A

optic neuritis

53
Q

Classic side effect of cisplatin

A

nephrotoxicity

54
Q

Classic side effect of methylcopa

A

Coombs positive hemolytic anemia

55
Q

2 major toxicities of HMG COA reductace inhibitors

A
  • liver

- muscle

56
Q

Classic side effect of ethambutol

A

optic neuritis

57
Q

Classic side effect of metronidazole

A

Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol

58
Q

Classic side effect with displatin

A

Nephrotoxicity

59
Q

Classic side effect of methydopa

A

Hemolytic anemia (Coombs positive)

60
Q

Electrolyte side effects of thiazides

A
  • hyperglycemia
  • hyperuricemia
  • hyperlipidemia
  • hyponatremia
  • hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
61
Q

Don’t give thiazides to patients with this allergy

A

sulfa

62
Q

2 major side effects of loop diuretics

A
  • hypokalemic metabloic alkalosis

- ototoxicity

63
Q

Only loop diuretic that is not a sulfa

A

ethacrynic acid

64
Q

Metabolic effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

metabolic acidosis

65
Q

Effect of loop diuretics on calcium

A

cause calcium extretion (often used as treatment for hypercalcemia)

66
Q

Effect of thiazide diuretics on calcium

A

calcium retention

67
Q

Which diuretics would you like to avoid in hypercalcemia?

A

thiazides

68
Q

3 classic side effects of antihypertensives

A
  • sedation
  • depression
  • sexual dysfunction
69
Q

2 patients to use B-blcokers in cautiously

A
  • Diabetics (mask hypoglycemia)

- Asthmatics

70
Q

Classic side effect of alpha-1 antagonists

A

1st dose orthostatic hypotension

71
Q

antidote for cholinesterase inhibitors

A
  • atropine

- pralidoxime

72
Q

antidote for quinidine

A

sodium bicarb (cardioprotective)

73
Q

antidote for TCAs

A

sodium bicarb (cardioprotective)

74
Q

antidote for Iron

A

Deferoxamine

75
Q

antidote for digoxin

A
  • normalize electrolytes

- digoxin antibodies

76
Q

antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol

A

ethanol

77
Q

antidote for benzodiazepines

A

flumaenil

78
Q

antidote for beta blockers

A

glucagon

79
Q

antidote for lead

A

EDTA

80
Q

antidote for copper

A

penicillamine

81
Q

antidote for gold

A

penicillamine

82
Q

antidote for opiods

A

naloxone

83
Q

antidote for carbon monoxide

A

oxygen

84
Q

antidote for muscarinic blockers

A

physostigmine

85
Q

Features of serotonin syndrome

A
  • hyperthermia
  • rigidity
  • myoclonus
  • autonomic instability
86
Q

Hyperthermia + rigidity + myoclonus + autonomic instability =

A

serotonin syndrome

87
Q

MAOI + meperidine =

A

coma

88
Q

MAOI + SSRIs =

A

serotonin syndrome

89
Q

Aminoglycosides + loop diuretics =

A

enhanced ototoxicity

90
Q

Lithium + thiazides =

A

lithium toxicity

91
Q

3 classic INDUCERS of hepatic enzymes

A
  • barbiturates
  • antiepileptics
  • rifampin
92
Q

2 classic INHIBITORS of hepatic enzymes

A
  • cimetidine

- ketoconazole

93
Q

HRT is prescribed now for

A

symptom relief only

94
Q

Why do you give progesterone with estrogen in HRT?

A

to decrease risk of endometrial cancer (if no uterus, give estrogen alone)

95
Q

4 benefits of estrogen therapy

A
  • decreased osteoporosis
  • decreased CAD (?)
  • decreased hot flashed
  • decreased GU symptoms
96
Q

4 risk of estrogen therapy

A
  • increased endometrial CA
  • increased DVT
  • ? increase breast CA
  • increased gall bladder disease
97
Q

5 more common side effects of estrogen therapy

A
  • endometrial bleeding
  • breast tenderness
  • nausea
  • bloating
  • headaches
98
Q

4 absolute contraindications to estrogen therapy

A
  • unexplained vaginal bleeding
  • active liver disease
  • history of VTE
  • history of breast of endometrial cancer
99
Q

8 relative contraindications to estrogen therapy

A
  • seizure disorder
  • HTN
  • uterine leiomyomas
  • familial hyperlipidemia
  • migraines
  • venous thrombophlebitis
  • endometriosis
  • gallbladder disease
100
Q

Most common cause of secondary HTN in women

A

oral contraceptive pills

101
Q

10 absolute contraindications to oral contraceptive pills

A
  • 35+ old smoker
  • pregancy/breast feeding
  • liver disease
  • hyperlipedmia
  • HTN/CAD/CVA
  • DM with vascular changes
  • immobilization/risk of VTE
  • sickle cell disease
  • estrogen dependent neoplasm
  • cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy
102
Q

6 relative contraindications to oral contraceptive pills

A
  • younger heavy smoker
  • depression
  • migraines
  • oligomenorrhea
  • amenorrhea without workup
  • gallbladder disease
103
Q

Timing of OCPs and surgery

A
  • avoid 1 month before and after surgery because of risk of DVT
104
Q

Screening test needed for those on OCPs

A

annual pap smear (associated increased risk of cervical CA)

105
Q

4 effects of NSAIDs and ASA

A
  • anit-inflammatory
  • anitpyretic
  • analgesic
  • antiplatelet
106
Q

Difference between ASA and other NSAIDs

A

ASA bind COX irreversibly

107
Q

Why does tylenol not have anti-platelet or anti-inflammatory effects?

A

Because it acts centrally not peripherally

108
Q

Acid-base problem with ASA overdose

A
  • respiratory alkalosis

- metabolic acidosis

109
Q

3 renal side effects of NSAIDs

A
  • interstitial nephritis
  • papillary necrosis
  • acute tubular necrosis
110
Q

ASA allergies are extremely common in this group

A

asthma and nasal polyps

111
Q

Reye syndrome =

A

ASA in children less than 15 (setting of virus) –> encephalopathy and liver dysfunction

112
Q

When to stop ASA and NSAIDs prior to surgery

A
  • ASA 1 week before

- NSAIDs 1 day before

113
Q

Treatment of acetaminophen overdose

A

acetylcysteine

114
Q

How does acetaminophen cause liver failure?

A

depletion of glutathione –> hepatic necrosis

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