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Endocrine Exams > 2012 exam > Flashcards

2012 exam Flashcards

1
Q

Intrasellar mass lined by cuboidal and columnar cells?

a. Craniopharyngioma
b. Rathke’s cleft cyst

A

b. Rathke’s cleft cyst (columnar or cuboidal)

Craniopharyngioma = squamous

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2
Q

EBM a question with a table of risk factors & obesity

A

Comparison between Kuwaitis & non-kuwaitis and Old & young

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3
Q

What is the consequence of conn’s disease?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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4
Q

What is most likely associated with vascular invasion?

A

Follicular carcinoma

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5
Q

Low bone densitometry in distal forearm associated with hypercalcemia?

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

*Hypercalcemia occurs in primary hyperparathyroidism, but calcium may be low or normal in secondary hyperparathyroidism

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6
Q

What is the first line drug for pregnant women with hyperthyroidism on her first trimester?

A

Propylthiouracil

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7
Q

Paroxysmal hypertension indicates which condition?

A

Pheochromocytoma

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8
Q

What measures the magnitude of association between the incidence of diabetes and obesity?

a. Linear regression slope
b. Relative risk
c. Difference in means
d. Spearman correlation coefficient

A

b. Relative risk

Nature of variables: (cumulative) incidence + qualitative binary -> relative risk used

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9
Q

A lawyer and an engineer both were diagnosed with breast cancer. What can be the cause of difference in pain perception?

A

?

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10
Q

Required for aldosterone synthesis?

A

Cyp11b2

aldosterone synthase

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11
Q

Specifically expressed on the adrenal gland?

A

Cyp21a1

CYP21A2 gene encodes 21-hydroxylase

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12
Q

Needs high levels of cortisol?

A

PNMT

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13
Q

Is inhibited when norepinephrine is converted to epinephrine?

A

MOA

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14
Q

Which estrogen receptor modulator stimulates ovulation?

A

Clomiphene

*Clomiphene antagonizes action of estrogen in pituitary and hypothalamus -> decreased estrogen negative feedback -> increased LH and FSH -> ovulation

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15
Q

A 60 year old man diagnosed with hyponatremia due to water retention not because of sodium deficiency, what aquaretic drug that blocks ADH V2 receptors would you give?

a. Desmopressin
b. Demecyclin
c. Conviptan
d. Tolvaptin
e. Leuprolide

A

c. Conviptan

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16
Q

A patient with type 1 DM put a plan to strictly control HBA1c and glucose for better prognosis, which regimen would you use?

a. Lente with Regular mix taken in the morning and evening
b. Once daily Ultra Lente with Lisopro before each meal
c. Morning Regular and Lente before each meal
d. Three Regular in the morning and Ultra Lente before bed time
e. One Glargine in morning and three lisporo with every meal

A

b. Once daily Ultra Lente (morning) with Lisopro before each meal

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17
Q

Diagnostic test of primary adrenal insufficiency?

A

Cosytropin

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18
Q

Which radionuclide is used for imaging the adrenal gland?

A

Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)

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19
Q

A 36 year old female presented with paroxysmal HTN, headache, sweating, and palpitations. What is the best method to diagnose this condition?

A

24 hour urinary metanephrines

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20
Q

Cell secrete ADH?

A

Supraoptic

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21
Q

Cells in posterior pituitary?

A

Pituicyte

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22
Q

Dopamine and TRH control them?

a. Somatotrophs
b. Lactotrophs
c. Corticotrophs
d. Chromophobes
e. Thryroid hormones

A

b. Lactotrophs / Lactocytes

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23
Q

Secrete the same hormone as the hypothalamus?

a. alpha cells
b. beta cells
c. EC cells
d. Delta cells

A

d. Delta cells

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24
Q

Stimulated by sympathetic?

a. Alpha cells
b. Delta cells
c. EC cells

A

a. Alpha cells

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25
Q

Patient on long term glucocorticoid in 59 year old male?

A

Hyperglycemia

26
Q

Female with menstrual cycle of 30-32 days, when does she ovulate?

A

16-18 days

27
Q

What hormone is used with RXR receptor and thyroid hormone receptor?

A

T3

28
Q

46 year old male XY without sry gene, fastest way to diagnose?

A

PCR

29
Q

In what case testosterone used to treat erectile dysfunction?

a. Alcoholism
b. Depression
c. Hypogonadism
d. Diabetes

A

c. Hypogonadism

30
Q

Which hormone causes gynecomastia in males and causes amenorrhea and galactorrhea in females?

A

Prolactin

31
Q

Cells that secrete parathyroid hormone?

A

Principal cells

32
Q

What is stimulated by splanchnic nerve?

A

Chromaffin cells

33
Q

Has SH domain and is activated by IGF-1?

A

Phospholipase gamma c

34
Q

Question about something that delivers calcium for bone formation

A

?? (vitamin D helps Ca absorption, which is then used to build bone. Calcitonin also for bone formation)

35
Q

A drug that has a rapid action in treating severe ketoacidosis in type 1 DM?

A

Crystalline zinc insulin

36
Q

GH receptor antagonist?

A

Pegvisomant

37
Q

Its action potentiated with hypoproteinemia?

A

Somatotropin

38
Q

Decreases glycan stores?

A

Prednisolone

39
Q

Given to patients with hypoprotenemia?

A

Norethindrone

40
Q

A patient with hyponatremia due to ADH excess is given?

A

Conivaptan

41
Q

Testis with coagulative necrosis is?

A

Testicular torsion

42
Q

A young patient with DM type 2 has hyperpigmentation on his neck?

A

Insulinemia

43
Q

Which blood vessel is used to locate parathyroid gland?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

44
Q

What is the function of SRY gene?

A

Male development

45
Q

Drug used in treatment of acromegaly that inhibits the growth hormone release?

A

Octreotide

46
Q

Which cell is responsible for apoptosis in DM2?

A

Cytotoxic T cell

47
Q

How does inflammatory cytokines hamper growth of children?

A

Block IGF-1 production from the liver

48
Q

What is the biochemical marker of vitamin D3?

A

25 hydroxyvitamin D

49
Q

When is the prepubertal spurt period in males?

A

12.5-13 years old

50
Q 
High T4 (22/jan) -> 
Low T4 (3/march) -> 
Normal T4 (4/june) -> 
Low TSH (22/jan) -> 
high TSH (3/march) -> 
normal TSH (4/june) What do these changes indicate?
A

Subacute thyroiditis

51
Q

What is the side effect of metformin with alcoholism?

A

Lactic acidosis

52
Q

How do we differentiate between cushing’s disease and syndrome?

A

The presence of pituitary adenoma

53
Q

Presence of what helps diagnose grave’s disease?

A

Exophthalmos

54
Q

What mediates the action of teriparatide?

a. cGMP
b. Adenyle cyclase
c. IP3

A

b. Adenyle cyclase

55
Q

After thyroidectomy, the patient presented with multiple nodules with distended colloid and fibrosis?

A

Multinodular goiter

56
Q

Section of an enlarged testis in a 30 year old male showed multiple granulomas some with central necrosis. Whats the diagnosis?

A

Tuberculous orchitis

57
Q

A 20 year old presented with polyuria, weight loss, and was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. On examination, she was hypotensive, dehydrated, and had acidic breath. Lab investigations show ketone in the urine, with pH 7.12 and glucose level 22. The first way to manage the patient?

A

IV saline 500 ml over 2 hours

*Fluid replacement: 6 L in 12 hours (=0.5 L per hour). LOW DOSE short-acting (regular) insulin replacement by IV is also initiated because DKA is a state of marked insulin resistance.

58
Q

What’s the mechanism of action of rosiglitazone?

A

Regulates transcription of genes involved in glucose utilization

(how? by activating Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, which enhances the promotor genes for glucose utilization and thus increases insulin sensitivity)

59
Q

How can CYP17 catalyze P5 to 17-OH P5 to DHEA in zona reticularis, but only P5 to 17-OH P5 in zona fasiculata?

A

CYP17 shows post-translational regulation in zona reticularis

60
Q

Patient lost his voice pitch after thyroid surgery when his superior thyroid artery was mistakingly ligated. Damage to which structure caused this condition?

A

External laryngeal nerve

Endocrine Exams (7 decks)

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