2011 patho Flashcards
Which hair in the human body is most resistant to greying?
a. hair on limbs
b. hair on the scalp
c. eyebrows
c. eyebrows
Which cell type is predominant in chronic osteomyelitis?
Neutrophils
A doctor suspects that a patient is suffering from systemic amyloidosis. What organ should he check first to check for it?
a. Liver
b. Kidneys
c. Brain
b. Kidneys
the most commonly affected organ
Which stage of bone healing involves the replacement of granulation tissue by provisional callus and formation of lamellar bone?
a. Maturing stage
b. Remodeling stage
c. Proliferative stage
a. Maturing stage
it says b in the exams but its A
Which of the following tumors is malignant?
a. Lymphoma
b. Adenoma
c. Fibroma
a. Lymphoma
A person suffers from loose teeth, purpura, bleeding gums. What vitamin deficiency is responsible for his condition?
a. Vitamin K
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin C
a 90-year-old man was admitted to the hospital. His heart was brown and atrophic. What pigment is responsible for the brown color of the heart?
a. steatosis
b. lipofuscin
c. glycogen deposition
b. lipofuscin
What would you expect to find on the surface of the heart of someone who has a myocardial infarction 3 months ago?
a. nothing, it heals
b. fibrous scar
c. edema and inflammation
b. fibrous scar
What results in generalized edema as a result of decreased osmotic pressure?
a. chronic liver disease
b. nephrotic syndrome
c. both A and B
C
What condition is associated with the dislocation of the ABL oncogene from chromosome 9 to chromosome 22 next to the BCR gene leading to the expression of the fusion protein bcr-abl with tyrosine kinase activity?
Chronic myeloid leukemia
What type of cancer is associated with amplification of the Her-2 receptor?
Breast cancer
What results in enlargement of the prostate gland in an 80-year old?
a. Hypoplasia
b. Hyperplasia
c. Hypotrophy
d. Hypertrophy
b. Hyperplasia
A woman developed a thrombus in her femoral vein after being admitted to the hospital for pneumonia. What is the most likely cause?
a. Prolonged immobility
b. Heavy exercise
a. Prolonged immobility
Which of the following tumors is difficult to metastasize?
a. Muscle
b. Skeletal muscle
d. Fat
b. Skeletal muscle
What predisposes a person to a fat embolus?
a. Long bone fracture
b. MI
c. Maltutrition
a. Long bone fracture
Which plasma protein is responsible for binding free hemoglobin?
a. Hemopexin
b. Haptoglobin
c. Caeruloplasmin
b. Haptoglobin
What is a negative acute phase protein?
a. haptoglobin
b. fibrinogen
c. transferrin
c. transferrin
Which of the following changes is associated with aging?
a. Left ventricular hypertrophy
b. Calcific stenosis of the aortic valve
a. Left ventricular hypertrophy
What tissues are most susceptible to radiation injury?
those that undergo rapid replacement, such as bone marrow, the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, and skin
Amyloidosis can result from overproduction of immunoglobulin light chains. What condition causes that?
Multiple myeloma
What type of shock is associated with vasodilation and distribution?
a. Septic shock
b. Neurogenic shock
c. Cardiogenic shock
a. Septic shock
What results in a chronic inflammatory condition that is associated with a persistent low-grade inflammatory state?
a. Leukemia
b. Obesity
c. MI
b. Obesity
A person’s BMI is 32, his waist circumference is 98 cm, and his blood pressure is 140/90. What is an interpretation of this?
a. Average weight
b. Obesity
c. Low weight
b. Obesity
What is the most common mutation in cancer?
a. BRCA 1
b. P53
c. RAS point mutation
d. RB gene
b. P53
calculate the level of LDL cholesterol if: total cholesterol = 6 HDL cholesterol = 0.8 Triglycerides level = 2.2 a. 6.3 b. 5.2 c. 4.2 d. 3.2
c. 4.2
A biopsy of gastric tissue showed pancreatic islets and acini. What is this called?
a. teratoma
b. hamartoma
c. choristoma
c. choristoma
A tissue biopsy of a person who has a myocardial infarction showed extensive eosinophilia and absence of nuclei. What pathological process is responsible for this?
a. Coagulative necrosis
b. Gangreen
c. Caseous necrosis
a. Coagulative necrosis
Which of the following tissues is likely to regenerate?
a. Myocardial tissue
b. Gastric glands
c. Peripheral neurons
b. Gastric glands
A person has the following ABG results: PCO2 = 34 (normal 35-45) HCO3- = 18 (normal 22-26) PO2 = 92 (normal 80-100) pH = 7.35 ( normal 7.35-7.45) What acid-base disorder does he have? a. Compensated respiratory acidosis b. Compensated metabolic acidosis c. Compensated respiratory alkalosis d. Compensated metabolic alkalosis
b. Compensated metabolic acidosis
Faisal was extremely stressed and worried about his exam. Before entering the examination hall, his breathing rate was 45/min and he felt dizzy. What would you see regarding his expected acid base status?
a. High pH and low PCO2
b. Low pH and low PCO2
a. High pH and low PCO2
A person’s sodium level was 125 mmol/L (normal = 135 and 145 mmol/L) and his urine sodium level was 30 mmol/L (normal = 20 mEq/L.) What could be responsible for his condition?
Diuretic excess
Loss of epigenetic control predisposes to which condition?
Cancer
What are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors?
ACE inhibitors
A drug for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure; it’s associated with hyperkalemia
What type of cancer increased in prevalence following the Chernobyl incidence (nuclear accident)?
a. Thyroid cancer
b. Leukemia
a. Thyroid cancer
In which condition can we see psammoma bodies?
a. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
b. Chronic myeloid leukemia
a. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
psammoma bodies= a form of dystrophic calcification
What is a reversible change that occurs in the liver in alcoholics?
a. Cirrhosis
b. Hydropic degeneration
b. Hydropic degeneration
What is the primary cause of hypertriglyceridemia?
Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
