201 to 400 Flashcards
Deform
To change, or convert something into being distorted, broken, or illfigured.
Defrost
To get rid of frost or ice from something.
adjective
Deft
Moving or performing in a fast, easy, and clever way.
SYN: adept
استادانه
He sketched her with quick, deft strokes.
او را با ضربات سریع و ماهرانه ترسیم کرد.
Degree
Noun
1. The level, quantity, or intensity of something.
2. A qualification given to someone by a university or a school after that someone has completed a course or
study.
Adj. N.
Delicate
Adjective:
Damaged and destroyed with ease.
Noun:
Clothing that requires special attention when being washed and dried.
N., V.
Demise
Formal
Noun
The slow and unpredictable death of a person.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To die in a slow and unpredictable way.
فنا، مرگ
the imminent demise (=happening soon) of the local newspaper
mnemonic: “Don’t Ever Miss, It’s Someone’s End”. This creates a metaphorical image of demise being the end point or ‘target’ for someone, which can help you remember the meaning of “demise”.
Demolition
To complete and utter destruction of a building or other type of construction.
The policies are intended to halt the demolition of the rural economy.
هدف از این سیاست ها توقف تخریب اقتصاد روستایی است.
v.
Denote
To assign a specified meaning to something.
SYN: indicate
What does the word ‘curriculum’ denote that ‘course’ does not?
کلمه “برنامه درسی” چه چیزی را نشان می دهد که “دوره” نشان نمی دهد؟
Depart
To depart, especially at the start of a trip.
V.
Deplete
To consume or decrees the amount of something.
ته کشیدن
Salmon populations have been severely depleted.
جمعیت ماهی قزل آلا به شدت کاهش یافته است.
depletion
The consumption or reduction of something.
تخلیه
v.
Depress
To make someone feel extremely sad or disheartened.
Several factors combined to depress the American economy.
N., Adj.
Derivative
dɪˈrɪvətɪv
Adjective
Copied or derived from somewhere and not unique.
Noun
A thought or idea, language, or phrase that had been derived from something that is related to it.
، مشتق،غیر اصیل، تقلیدی
سفته بازی هم معنی میده
the derivative market
Heroin is a derivative of morphine.
Adj.
Derogatory
dɪˈrɑːɡətɔːri
Showing a low attitude or pessimistic criticism.
تحقیر کننده
Their conversation contained a number of derogatory racial remarks.
گفتگوی آنها حاوی تعدادی اظهارات توهین آمیز نژادی بود.
v.
Descend
- To go down a set of stairs, hill, valley, or other type of slope;
- To be related by blood to an ancestor
Descendant
Someone or something like an animal or plant that is related to an ancestor.
n., Adj.
Desktop
Noun
The surface of a desk where a person works.
Adjective
Small enough to be used on the surface of a desk.
v.
Despise
To not like someone or something which great intense and with disapproval.
نفرت داشت، تحقیر کردن
She despised her neighbours.
Despise is not used in the progressive. You say:
I despise such ignorance.
✗ Don’t say: I am despising such ignorance.
Detached
Not connected to something.
Detrimental
ˌdetrəˈmentl
Formal
Producing hurt or damage.
SYN: harmful, damaging
Diagonal
daɪˈæɡənəl
Adjective
Flowing from one side to another in a slanting or sloping way.
Noun
A line or directions that
slants or slopes.
n.
Dialect
ˈdaɪəlekt
accent
لهجه، گویش، زبان محلی
Diesel
A combustion engine that is internal in nature and it turns on with the use of diesel fuel by itself.
n.
Difference
ˈdɪfərəns
The state of being unlike or different from other things or people.
Digital audiotape
A type of tape that is magnetic and used in the digital recording of music.
Diminish
dəˈmɪnɪʃ
To become or make something loose its importance.
SYN: reduce
کم شدن، کاستن
v.
Dine
daɪn
Formal
To eat dinner.
Dinosaur
A reptile that is now extinct; it was mostly land dwelling and lived in the Mesozoic Era.
v., n.
Dip
dɪp
To place something into a fluid or soft mixture for a small amount of time and then to take it out quickly.
Fall روشنفکریش مثلا افت سود
آب فلز دادن، سریع یه چیزی را بکنی تو آب در بیاوردن یه طوری که گناه آلوده نشدن
اینم شاهد از غیب
Dip the strawberries into melted chocolate.
Diploma
A document received after the successful completion of either high school, college, university, or other profession organization.
n.
Directive
daɪˈrektɪv
Noun
A command or formal instruction.
Adjective
Providing detailed direction or commands.
دستور، رهنمون
proposals for implementing the EU directive on paternity leave
پیشنهادات برای اجرای دستورالعمل اتحادیه اروپا در مورد مرخصی پدران
v.
Discharge
dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒ
- To secrete, give off, or get rid of a gas or liquid.
- To consent to or write the orders for command for someone to depart an organization, or to take the decision yourself to depart from a place such as a hospital.
تخلیه، عزل
- The judge discharged the jury
قاضی هیئت منصفه را برکنار کرد - Sewage is discharged directly into the sea
فاضلاب مستقیماً به دریا ریخته می شود
n., v.
Discount
ˈdɪskaʊnt
Noun
A decrease in the normal price of something.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To make the decision to declare something as not being important, relevant, or true.
تخفیف، نادیده گرفتن
General Hausken had not discounted the possibility of an aerial attack.
ژنرال هاوسکن احتمال حمله هوایی را نادیده نگرفته بود.
Adj.
Discrete
dɪˈskriːt
Totally separate and unrelated.
مجزا
The change happens in a series of discrete steps.
تغییر در یک سری مراحل گسسته اتفاق می افتد.
n.
Discrimination
dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən
SYN: prejudice
تبعیض
- discrimination against
- discrimination in favour of
- racial/sex/religious etc discrimination (=treating someone unfairly because of their race, sex etc)
→ positive discrimination (تخصیص سهمیه), reverse discrimination (تبعیض نژادی معکوس (یعنی بر علیه سفید پوستان))
widespread discrimination against older people in the job market
تبعیض گسترده علیه افراد مسن در بازار کار
n., v.
Disguise
dɪsˈɡaɪz
Read the samples!
Verb (Trans)
To make alterations to someone’s or something’s appearance so that the person or thing will not be recognized.
Noun
Something put on or done to change a person’s look so that the person will not be recognized.
لباس مبدل، تغییر قیافه، پنهان کردن
There’s no disguising the fact that business is bad.
این واقعیت را پنهان نمی کند که تجارت بد است.
The speech was seen by many as a thinly disguised attack on the president.
این سخنرانی توسط بسیاری به عنوان حمله ای پنهان به رئیس جمهور تلقی شد.
He escaped across the border disguised as a priest.
او با لباس مبدل از مرز فرار کرد.
n., v.
Disorder
dɪsˈɔːrdər
Noun
Being deficient of an organized or ordered arrangement.
Verb (Trans)
To disturb or mess up the organization of something.
بی نظم کردن، اختلال
v.
Displace
To move something from the place to where it usually is to some other place.
n.
Distance
ˈdɪstəns
The space measured dividing two places, people, or things.
Adj.
Distinct
Obviously dissimilar and individual.
Distraction
dɪˈstrækʃən
Something that hinders concentration or diverts attention away from another thing.
n.
Distribution
ˌdɪstrəˈbjuːʃən
The giving out, sharing out, or delivery of things to a number of different people.
پراکندگی، توزیع، پخش
Adj.
Diverse
dəˈvɜːrs
Consisting of many different kinds of things or elements.
v.
Diversify
To increase in variety or to increase something in variety.
n., v., Adj.
Divine
dəˈvaɪn
Adjective
1. Being God or a god or goddess.
2. Faith or religion pertaining to God, gods, or goddesses.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
1. To understand or realize something.
2. To learn or realize something by intuition or a supernatural means.
Noun
1. An affiliate or member of a clergy.
2. God.
faith in divine providence ایمان به مشیت الهی
ملکوتی، مذهبی، دینی، (عامیانه) پیش گویی کردن (از روی غریزه یا شم) دریافتن، درک کردن، آسمانی، وابسته به الهیات، یزدان شناس،
Divisible
Capable of being separated, usually evenly.
Division
The act of dividing or separating something into its fractions.
Divisor
A number divided into another number.
Dividend ÷ Divisor = Quotient
Donor
ˈdoʊnər
Someone who gives something to someone else.
n., v.
Dose
doʊs
Noun
A specific amount of medicine that is given out at one time or at planned intervals.
Verb (Trans)
To give medicine to someone.
مقدار، خوراک دوا یا شربت، مقدار دوا، دوا دادن
n.
Down payment
Payment of part of the full price of something and the remaining part will be paid at a later time.
پیش قسط، پیش پرداخت
We’ve almost got enough money to make a down payment on a house.
ما تقریباً به اندازه کافی پول داریم که بتوانیم یک خانه را پیش پرداخت کنیم.
n., v.
Drain
Noun
1. A sewage pipe or channel that takes water or sewage away from a place.
2. A thing that uses up or reduces the energy or resources of something else.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To surge or flow out of something, usually to make it dry or empty.
زهکش فاضل آب، زه کشی کردن، تخلیه کردن
Adj.
Drastic
ˈdræstɪk
Having an influential effect or widespread results.
موثر
Drastic changes are needed if environmental catastrophe is to be avoided.
اگر بخواهیم از فاجعه زیست محیطی جلوگیری کنیم، تغییرات اساسی لازم است.
v., n.
Dump
Verb (Trans)
To drop, deposit, or place something down on a surface in a haphazard or careless way.
Noun
A place for the brief storage of military munitions, food, beverages and other supplies for the use by troops.
زباله انداختن، انبار موقت، زاغه، مخزن صحرایی
There has been a series of explosions in an ammunition dump.
چندین انفجار در یک انبار مهمات رخ داده است.
v.
Dwindle
To decrease or diminish gradually in size, quantity, or strength and near zero, or to make something decrease or diminish in this way.
تحلیل رفتن
n.
Dysfunction
An irregularity in the operation of organs or other body parts or systems.
n.
Ecology
ɪˈkɑːlədʒi
Uncountable
The study of the relationships and interactions between living organisms and their habitat.
شاخه ای از جامعه شناسی که با روابط انسان با محیط اجتماعی و طبیعی خود سروکار دارد) زیست بوم شناسی
Adj.
Economic
ˌekəˈnɑːmiːk◂,
Pertaining to the economy of an nation, economics, or money.
Adj.
Economical
ˌekəˈnɑːmiːkəl◂,
Cautious in making the most use out of resources.
n., Adj.
Economy
ɪˈkɒ:nəmi
Read the note
Noun
The manufacture and use of products and services of a neighborhood looked at as a whole.
Adjective
Proposed to be inexpensive or of higher quality.
علم اقتصاد، اقتصاد، صرفه جویی
You say the economy when talking about the economic system in a particular country:
✔︎ Tourism is an important part of the economy.
✗ Don’t say: Tourism is an important part of economy.
n., v.
Edge
edʒ
Noun
An area or border that is the outmost part or the farthest point away from the center of a larger area.
Verb (Intransitive)
To make something move sideways gradually, or to make something moved sideways by thrusting it.
Edge is usually passive in this meaning.
He edged her towards the door.
راه او را (کم کم) به سمت در باز کرد
Adj., N.
Elective
Adjective
Pertaining to or involving voting.
Noun
An optional subject that a student can chose from amongst many different options.
v.
Elicit
ɪˈlɪsɪt
To make or create something like a reaction or response to a particular stimulus.
واکنش نشان دادن
When her knock elicited no response, she opened the door and peeped in.
وقتی در زدن او جوابی نداد، در را باز کرد و به داخل نگاه کرد.
N., Adj.
Elite
eɪˈliːt
Noun
A small amount of people within a larger group that have the greatest amount of power, wealth, and social standing than the rest of the group.
Adjective
Belonging to an elite.
نخبه
struggle for power within the ruling elite
مبارزه برای قدرت در درون نخبگان حاکم
v., Adj.
Elongate
ɪˈlɒːŋɡeɪt
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To cause something to increase in length.
Adjective
Long and constricted or tight.
طولانی کردن،کشیده کردن یا شدن
Her legs were elongated by the very high heels which she wore.
پاهایش با کفش های پاشنه بلندی که می پوشید دراز شده بود.
n.
Elongation
ɪˌlɒːŋˈɡeɪʃən
The act of making something increase in length, or the state of being increased in length.
v.
Elude
ɪˈluːd
To run away from or get around someone or something by using craftiness, skill, or ingenuity.
SYN: avoid, escape
دوری کردن از، طفره رفتن
The exact terminology eludes me for the moment.
اصطلاح دقیق فعلاً از من دوری می‌کند
v., n.
Embrace
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To embrace someone with a hug fondly.
Noun
An emotional or loving embrace, or hug.
اغوش، در اغوش گرفتن، در بر گرفتن، پذیرفتن
n., Adj.
Emerald
ˈemərəld
Noun
A green gemstone made of a form of beryl colored green by chromium.
Adjective
Describes a color that is emerald green.
زمرده این بفهم.. هی عقیق و حدید و شرف الشمس. بیا اینم عاقبتش
v.
Encode
To change plain text message into a code.
برمز در اوردن
Encounter
ɪnˈkaʊntə
Formal
Verb (Trans)
To encounter someone or something, usually without warning, typically unpleasant or surprised
Noun
An unexpected and brief encounter with someone or something.
ملاقات، رویارویی، تصادف، برخورد، مواجهه، نبرد
I first encountered him when studying at Cambridge.
من اولین بار هنگام تحصیل در کمبریج با او روبرو شدم.
n.
Endemic
ɪnˈdemɪk
Adjective
Describing a disease that happens in a particular area.
Noun
A prevalent disease.
بیماری یا مشکل همه گیر بومی
Violent crime is now endemic in parts of Chicago.
جنایت های خشونت آمیز در حال حاضر در بخش هایی از شیکاگو شیوع پیدا کرده است.
v.
Endorse
ɪnˈdɔːrs
To provide official support or consent for something.
صحه گذاشتن، امضا کردن
v.
Enhance
To make something better or increase the strength, quality, beauty, or other desired feature of something.
بهسازی کردن
v.
Enlist
ɪnˈlɪst
To register for a branch of the military.
نام نویسی کردن (مثلا برای سربازی)
Adj.
Enormous
ɪˈnɔːrməs
Oddly large or big in size, quantity, or level.
SYN: huge
عظیم، هنگفت
Enormous is not used with ‘very’.
✓ You say: Their garden is absolutely enormous.
✗ Don’t say: Their garden is very enormous.
v.
Ensue
ɪnˈsuː
To follow closely after something.
SYN: Follow
منتج شدن
problems that ensue from food and medical shortages
مشکلات ناشی از کمبود مواد غذایی و پزشکی
v., n.
Entail
ɪnˈteɪl
Verb (Trans)
To involve or conclude in something unavoidably.
Noun
- Entailment.
- A section of real estate property that has been entailed.
وقف مال ، موجب شدن، در برداشتن، شامل بودن
A new computer system entails a lot of re-training.
Mnemonic: “Every New Task Always Includes Learning”. This suggests that each new task you undertake inherently involves some element of learning, which can help you remember the meaning of “entail”.
n.
Enterprise
ˈentərpraɪz
Willingness to put energy into a new and risky activity.
سرمایه گذاری
v.
Entice
ɪnˈtaɪs
To tempt a person or an animal by presenting a desirable object to that person or animal.
(دون پاشیدن) جلب کردن، فریفتن، وسوسه کردن
Our special offers are intended to entice people to buy.
پیشنهادات ویژه ما برای ترغیب مردم به خرید است.
Adj., n.
Erratic
Adjective
Not consistent, regular, or able to be predicted.
Noun
Some that behaves spontaneously.
دمدمی مزاج، نامنظم
n.
Ethnicity
eθˈnɪsəti
Cultural affiliation or uniqueness.
وابستگی یا منحصر به فرد بودن فرهنگی.
v.
Excrete
Formal
To expel or discharge waste made from the body’s metabolic processes.
دفع کردن، بیرون انداختن، پس دادن
ریدن! این که دیگه ساده‌س دیگه
v.
Exhort
ɪɡˈzɔːrt
Formal
To impel someone strongly and sincerely to perform something.
SYN: Urge
تشویق و ترغیب کردن
Police exhorted the crowd to remain calm.
Mnemonic: Sure! For the word “exhort”, which means to strongly encourage or urge someone to do something, you could use this.
Mnemonic: “Exit, Halt OR Take action”. This captures the idea that you are urging someone to do something - either to exit, to halt, or to take some action.
n., v.
Exile
ˈeɡzaɪl
Noun
Forced or unwilling absence for political or religious reasons from your home country.
Verb (Trans)
To make someone leave his or her home country as a punishment for doing
something.
تبعید، نفی، جلای وظن، تبعید کردن
He went into exile to escape political imprisonment.
n.
Expedition
An outing taken by a group of people for a particular purpose to discover territory that is yet to be discovered, to perform scientific studies, or to attain military objectives.
n.
Famine
ˈfæmɪn
A severe lack of food that results in widespread starvation.
قحط و غلا، قحطی، تنگ سالی، کمیابی
A million people are facing famine.
n.
Fanatic
fəˈnætɪk
A person who has intense and at times
unreasonable enthusiasms or thoughts.
SYN: extremist, enthusiast
متعصب
- a fitness fanatic
- a religious fanatic
Mnemonic: “Fan At Nine, Always Talking”. This conjures the image of a sports or music fan who is so enthusiastic that they are still talking about their passion at nine o’clock, and always talking about it.
Adj
Fierce
fɪrs
Typified by or expressing anger or violent behavior.
بی امان، خشم الود
fierce competition between the companies
Mnemonic: “Fear In Eyes, Roaring Cat Emerges”. This creates an image of a fierce, roaring cat, which can help you remember the meaning of “fierce”.
n.
Foe
A rival or enemy of a person or a thing.
دشمن، مخالف
Britain’s friends and foes
Fortitude
Patience and strength in a hard or dreadful event.
SYN: strength
بردباری
Winnie is a woman of quiet fortitude who has endured a lot of suffering.
وینی زنی آرام است که رنج های زیادی را متحمل شده است.
Fungus
plural fungi /-dʒaɪ, -ɡaɪ/ or funguses
An organism, that can be multicellular, does not have chlorophyll and produces spores in order to reproduce.
Funnel
ˈfʌnl
Noun
A utensil that is shaped like a cone with a big opening at the top and a little opening at the bottom and is used to direct fluids into containers.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To lead or move something into and through a constricted space.
His office funneled millions of dollars in secret contributions to the re-election campaign.
n.
Furnace
ˈfɜːrnɪs
An enclosed technological structure where heat is made by the burning of fuel in order to warm a house or other type of building or to melt a metal.
دیگ، پاتیل، کوره، تنور، بوته آزمایش، گرم کردن، مشتعل کردن
Geese
A big waterfowl that has a long neck and webbed feet; it has a very specific honking sound.
the plural of goose
n.
Glacier
ˈɡleɪʃər
A large mass of ice that constantly gathers more ice and snow over time
and moves slowly.
یخچال طبیعی
Gorilla
Indigenous to central Africa, the biggest ape with a small but extremely strong body and rough dark hair.
Hamster
A small rodent with a short tail and large cheek pouches for storing food.
n., v.
Handicap
ˈhændikæp
Noun
Something that is disadvantageous or hinders a person or another thing.
Verb (Trans)
To be disadvantageous or hinder a person or a thing.
معلول، مانع، نقص، اشکال، اوانس، امتیاز به طرف ضعیف در بازی، امتیاز دادن
The charity is handicapped by lack of funds.
n., v.
Harness
Noun
A set of leather traps that are placed together and fitted on a house to then be able to attach a cart or carriage to it.
Verb (Trans)
To place a harness on an animal.
دهنه، افسار، تحت کنترل دراوردن، مهار کردن، افسار زدن، مطیع کردن
Adj.
Hazardous
ˈhæzərdəs
Possibly dangerous to human beings or the natural environment
The chemicals in paint can be hazardous to health.
n., v.
Hem
hem
Noun
something that is made of cloth; it is created by creasing the fabric over and stitching it down on one side.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To crease over and stitch the fabric down in order to make a hem on a piece of cloth.
Adj.
Hereditary
həˈredətəri
Something that is capable of being passed genetically from one generation to the next.
n.
Hexagon
ˈheksəɡɑːn
A two dimensional figure made up of six sides.
n.
Hockey
ˈhɑːki
A sport played on ice between two teams made up of six different players.
n.
Homicide
ˈhɒ:mɪsaɪd
The event of illegally killing or murdering another person.
Adj.
Hospitable
ˈhɒ:spɪtəbəl
Hospitable, friendly, and kind to strangers or visitors.
n.
Hostility
hɒ:ˈstɪləti
An emotion or opinion of loathing, antagonism, hostility, or rage toward a person.
خصومت
Pictures of refugees aroused popular hostility (=felt by a lot of people) towards the war.
تصاویر پناهندگان خشم عمومی را نسبت به جنگ برانگیخت.
n.
Hue
hjuː
A color
Hue is used to distinguish one color from another. Technically, it involves primary colors (red, yellow, blue). However, secondary colors (green, orange, purple) are also considered hues. If that’s not confusing enough, tertiary colors (yellow-orange, red-orange, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green, yellow-green) are considered hues as well.
political opinions of every hue
Hypotenuse
ha:ɪˈpɒ:tənuːz
The side opposite the right angle of a triangle, or the longest side of a right triangle.
n.
Iguana
ɪˈɡwɑːnə
A tropical lizard native to South and Central America that is very large and eats plants; it is characterized by having a serrated fringe running along its back from its head to its tail.
