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Medsci 201 > 201 L1 > Flashcards

201 L1 Flashcards

Histology

1
Q

Why are tissues different from each other?

A

They are composed of different cell types, which have different functions, therefore allowing different body functions

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2
Q

Name the two components that make up all tissue types.

A

Cells

Extracellular matrix

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3
Q

Name the 4 different tissue types.

A

Epithelia
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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4
Q

What are the living and non-living components of tissue?

A

Cells - living

ECM - non - living

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5
Q

What are the two components that make up the ECM?

A

Fibres

Ground substance

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6
Q

What are the 3 fibres that contribute to the composition of the ECM?

A

Collagen fibres - bundled
Reticular fibres - non bundled collagen
Elastin fibres - elastic

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7
Q

what makes up the ground substance of the ECM?

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
Proteoglycans
Glycoproteins

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8
Q

GAGs are ———- and make the tissue ———–

A

GAGs are hydrophilic (love water) and make the tissue squishy

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9
Q

Proteoglycans aid ———- and contribute to the ECMs ability to resist ————-

A

Proteoglycans aid cell migration and contribute to the ECMs ability to resist compression.

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10
Q

What functions do glycoproteins have in the ECM?

A

Help stabilize the ECM by binding to other matrix components and to integrins in the cell membrane.

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11
Q

What function does fibronectin have as a glycoprotein in the ECM?

A

Fibronectin can bind to collagen, proteoglycans and intigrins in the cell membrane to aid cell migration.

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12
Q

What are chondronectin and osteonectin similar to in the ECM?

A

Fibronectin

All can bind to collagen, proteoglycans and integrins.

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13
Q

Where is chondronectin found?

A

Carilage

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14
Q

Where is Osteonectin found?

A

Bone

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15
Q

Osteonectin may help the bindings of ———- ———- ——— ——– to ——— in the ECM.

A

Osteonectin may help the binding of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals to collagen in the ECM.

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16
Q

The ground substance resists force of ———- while fibres withstand —— ——.

A

The ground substance resists force of compression while fibres withstand tensile force.

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17
Q

Name the tissue described below:

Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways & chambers, produces glandular secretions

A

Epithelia

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18
Q

Name the tissue described below:

Fill internal spaces, provide structural support, store energy

A

Connective

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19
Q

Name the tissue described below:

Contracts to produce active movement

A

Muscle

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20
Q

Name the tissue described below:

Conduct electrical impulses, carries information

21
Q

What quality of the connective tissue ground substance allows the exchange of nutrients and waste between cells and the blood supply?

A

The hydrated nature of the connective tissue ground substance.

22
Q

What cells produce most of the ground substance ECM?

A

Fibroblasts

23
Q

What effect does the ECM have on cells?

A

The ECM can modify cell shape and function, regulate cell development, migration, and survival.

24
Q

What cells are connective tissue derived from?

A

Mesodermal mesenchyme cells.

25
Q

Mesodermal mesenchyme cells secrete the —- —— ——- which is crucial for providing tissue with ——- ——.

A

Mesodermal mesenchyme cells secrete the extracellular matrix which is crucial for providing tissue with structural strength.

26
Q

Is connective tissue clasified primarily on the characteristics of the fibrous or non fibrous part of the ECM?

A

Non- fibrous

27
Q

Name the types of connective tissue

A

CT proper - loose or Dense
Fluid CT - Blood & lymph
Supporting CT - Bone & Cartilage

28
Q

Name the 3 types of Loose CT proper

A

Areolar tissue
Adipose tissue
Reticular tissue

29
Q

Name the 3 types of Dense CT proper

A

Dense regular
Dense irregular
Elastic

30
Q

Name the 3 types of cartilage

A

Hylaine cartilage
Fibrous cartilage
Elastic cartilage

31
Q

The ECM for bone & cartilage is ———

A) syrupy
B) stiff
C) liquid

32
Q

The ECM for CT proper is —–
A) stiff
B) syrupy
C) liquid

33
Q

CT proper is ———-, has a —— cell density and a —— ECM

A) vascularised or non-vascularised
B) High or Low
C) Rich or Poor

A

CT proper is highly vascularised, has a low cell density and a rich ECM.

34
Q

What are the 3 main types of fibres for CT proper?

A

Collagen, reticular and elastic

35
Q

What is the most common fibre in CT proper?

36
Q

Collagen fibres are made up of ——– ——- that are ——-. the fibres are highly resistant to ——- because they are unable to be ———. However collagen fibres are ———.

A

Collagen fibres are made up of collagen fibrils that are bundled. The fibres are highly resistant to tension because they are unable to be stretched. However collagen fibres are flexible.

37
Q

Reticular fibres are made up of ——– ——- that are ——-. The fibres are ——- and arranged in a ——- providing a supportive ——— ——— for cellular elements.

A

Reticular fibres are made up of collagen fibrils that are not bundled. The fibres are thin and arranged in a mesh providing a supportive lattice structure for cellular elements.

38
Q

Elastic fibres are ——— fibres made of ——- arranged in a —– ——— providing the tissue with —– to ——- and ———–

A

Elastic fibres are branched fibres made of elastin arranged in a 3D network providing the tissue with resistance to stretching and deformation.

39
Q

Name the fixed cells and their functions that are in the connective tissue.

A

Fibroblasts - produce CT fibres
Fibrocytes - maintain CT fibres and matrix
fixed macrophages - phagocytise pathogens and damaged cells
adipocytes - store lipid reserves
Mesenchymal cells - CT stem cells which differentiate into other cell types
Melanocytes - synthesize melanin

40
Q

Name the wandering cells and their functions, that have usually escaped the blood system.

A

Free macrophages - mobile phagocytic cells
mast cells - stimulate inflammation
Lymphocytes - immune response
Neutrophils and eosinophils - phagocytic blood cells that mobilize during infection or tissue injury.

41
Q

What are the main fixed cells?

A

Adipocytes

42
Q

What cells are more prevalent in areas where infectious pathogens are present.

A

fixed macrophages

43
Q

Where are blood vessels located and what is their function?

A

Located in CT

Provide nutrients

44
Q

Are blood vessels a part of the CT?

45
Q 
Loose CT
Fibres are packed/not-packed
well/poorly vascularised
Usually supports -------- tissue, filling spaces between ------- and ------- fibres, forming layers around small ------- --------.
Usually composed of equal/non-equal parts of cells, fibres and non-fibrous ECM.
Most numerous cells are ------.
Most numerous fibres are  -------.
Flexible/ not flexible
Resistant/ not resistant to stress
A 
Loose CT
Fibres are not-packed
well vascularised
Usually supports epithelial tissue, filling spaces between nerves and muscle fibres, forming layers around small blood vessels.
Usually composed of equal parts of cells, fibres and non-fibrous ECM.
Most numerous cells are fibroblasts.
Most numerous fibres are collagen.
Flexible
not very resistant to stress
46
Q

Classify the CT described below:
Collagen fibres are tightly packed and are primarily oriented in the same direction.
Fibroblasts and fibrocytes are more flattened so the nuclei are elongated.

A

Dense regular CT

47
Q

Classify the CT described below:
Collagen bundled fibres are tightly packed and organised in different directions. This helps the tissue withstand stress from different directions.

A

Dense irregular CT

48
Q

What CT is found in tissues where the forces that are needed to be resisted come in a particular direction. Give an example of this tissue type.

A

Dense regular CT

Muscle

49
Q

Fibronectin can bind to —— and —— to form a ——- ——. It can also bind to ——- for —— ——- and ——-.

A

Fibronectin can bind to collagen and GAGs to form a strong network. It can also bind to intigrins for cell adhesion and migration.

Medsci 201 (14 decks)

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