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Goldfarb Boards Review > 20- Pharmacology > Flashcards

20- Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Humalog is fast or short-acting insulin?

A 
rapid acting (3-4 hours) 
aka Lispro
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2
Q

Novolog is a fast or short-acting insulin?

A 
rapid acting (3-4 hours)  
aka Aspart
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3
Q

Name some long-acting insulin.

A

long acting (24-35 hours)
Glargine (Lantus)
Levemir (detemir)

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4
Q

How do sulfonylureas work?

A

increase in the amount of insulin secreted in response to a carbohydrate challenge

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5
Q

Explain the 3 fundamental defects in DM 2.

A
  1. decreased peripheral glucose utilization
  2. increased hepatidc glucose production
  3. insufficient insulin secretion
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6
Q

how does the mechanism of action of metformin (a biguanide) differ from a sulfonoylurea?

A

increases peripheral metabolic response to endogenous insulin

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of metformin?

A
  1. decreases hepatic glucose production

2. increases peripheral glucose utilization

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8
Q

what is the MOA of NSAIDs?

A

COX-inhibition and inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

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9
Q

What is COX-1 used for?

A

important for platelet aggregation, regulation of blood flow in the kidney and the stomach, and regulation of gastric acid secretion

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10
Q

What is COX-2 used for?

A

induced during pain and inflammatory stimuli

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11
Q

What is the DOC and dosage for acute gout?

A

Indomethacin 75 mg PO BID

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12
Q

What is the MOA of Mobic?

A

COX-2 preferential inhibitor (induced during pain and inflammation)
*dosage is 7.5mg PO daily

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13
Q

What lab test monitors heparin?

A

activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

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14
Q

What is the low dose heparin dosage?

A

5,000 units SC 2 hours prior to surgery and 5,000 SC units every 8-12 hours until ambulatory

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15
Q

what is the reversal agent for heparin?

A

protamine sulfate

*1mg neutralizes 100 units heparin

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16
Q

what is the lovenox dosage for DVT prophylaxis?

A

40mg SC

17
Q

which blood test monitors warfarin?

A

PT/INR

18
Q

what is the MOA for Eliquis (Apixaban) and Xarelto (rivaroxaban)?

A

Factor Xa inhibitors

19
Q

What is the MOA of dabigatran (pradexa)?

A

direct thrombin inhibitor

20
Q

what are the irreversible platelet inhibitors?

A

aspirin
plavix (clopidogrel)
*inhibits platelet for 7-10 days

21
Q

which class of local anesthetics is more hypersensitive?

A

esters> amides

22
Q

which class of local anesthetics is metabolized by the liver?

A

amide

*so don’t use amides in patients with cirrhosis

23
Q

which class of local anesthetics is metabolized in the plasma?

A

esters (by pseudocholinesterase)

Goldfarb Boards Review (6 decks)

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