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Goldfarb Boards Review > 19-Pediatrics > Flashcards

19-Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What reflexes are present at birth?

A
  1. Blink reflex
  2. Rooting reflex
  3. Normal suck reflex
  4. Grasp reflex
  5. Moro reflex
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2
Q

What is the Rooting reflex?How is it elicited?

A

When the cheek is brushed or stroked, a newborn infant turns the head in the direction where the cheek near the corner of the mouth is brushed in preparation to find food . This reaction serves to help a newborn find food

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3
Q

What does the Moro reflex demonstrate? How to perform the test?

A

(aka STARTLE reflex) symmetry and overall vigor ; To elicit this reflex, the infant is held in the supine position with the head supported by the examiner’s hand and the head is then suddenly allowed to drop. In response, the infant will abduct and extend the arms, open the hands, and then adduct the arms and flex the elbows. A bilaterally absent Moro reflex indicates brain injury (e.g., birth asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage). A unilaterally absent Moro reflex indicates ipsilateral brachial plexus injury or ipsilateral clavicle fracture

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4
Q

What does the absence of the moro reflex in one arm indicate?

A

a fractured humerus
brachial nerve palsy
or fractured clavicle

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5
Q

What does the absence of the moro reflex in one leg indicate?

A

lower spinal injury
myelomeningocele
avulsion of the cord
dislocated hip

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6
Q

what does a hyperactive moro reflex indicate?

A

tetany or CNS infection

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7
Q

when should moro reflex disappear?

A

by the 5th month

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8
Q

when should the babinski reflex disappear?

A

age 1-2 years

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9
Q

what is a positive babinski test in a bay?

A

dorsiflexing of the hallux; spreading of the lesser digits (Normal babinski should be down-going toes in adults)

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10
Q

Developmental milestone age for crawling?

A

age: 3-5 months

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11
Q

Developmental milestone age for creeps?

A

age: 7-9 months

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12
Q

Developmental milestone age for standing?

A

age: 9-14 months

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13
Q

Developmental milestone age for cruising?

A

age: 9-12 months

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14
Q

Developmental milestone age for walking?

A

average is 13 months (between 7-18 months)

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15
Q

at what age range is the flatfoot normal until?

A

until age 6-7 years

*calcaneal eversion should reduce approx. 1 deg per year

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16
Q

what is the most commonly encountered congenital deformity?

A 
congenital calcaneovalgus (FLEXIBLE deformity) 
(dorsal surface of the foot is in contact with the anterior surface of the lower leg)
*this is correctable with gradual and persistent casting
17
Q

what is the congenital rigid flatfoot called?

A

convex pes planovalgus (vertical talus)

18
Q

what is the radiographic hallmark of convex pes planovalgus?

A

dorsal dislocation of the navicular on the talar head and neck
(in congenital calcaneovalgus, the navicular is lateral to the talus)

19
Q

what is the most common complication seen with correction of juvenile bunion?

A

shortening of the 1st metatarsal as a result of growth interruption of the physis from base wedge osteotomies of epiphysiodesis

20
Q

what age do the sesamoids appear?

A

age 12

21
Q

what age does the growth plates close in the leg/foot?

A

age 15-17

22
Q

which bones ossify before birth?

A

calcaneus, talus

23
Q

what is the last bone to ossify before birth?

A

cuboid

“cute boy at birth”

24
Q

what is Kohler’s disease?

A

osteochondritis of the navicular bone

25
Q

which zone is the weakest when it comes to the physis?

A

zone of calcification (maturation)

26
Q

What is a juvenile tillaux fracture?

A

avulsion of the AITFL off the lateral tibial tubercle; SH3

27
Q

What is an osteochondroses of the cuneiforms called?

A

buchman’s disease

28
Q

what is an osteochondroses of the 5th metatarsal base called?

A

Iselin’s disease

29
Q

what is an osteochondroses of the talus called?

A

Diaz

30
Q

What is an osteochondroses of the sesamoid called?

A

treve’s disease

31
Q

what is an n osteochondroses of the 1st metatarsal head called?

A

Assmann’s disease

Goldfarb Boards Review (6 decks)

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