20 marker set ups Flashcards
Gender - workplace - glass ceiling
Grant Thornton 2024
19% of senior positions were held by women
Hesa found that in 2022, 57% of higher education students were women.
Gender - workplace - gender pay gap
ONS. 2024
7% differences in the hourly earnings of full time workers.
Ciphr 2024.
89% of companies in the UK pay their male and female employees differently.
Gender - home - domestic labor
European institute for gender equality 2021
Employed women spend 2.3 hours on housework compared to 1.6 hours for employed men.
Dunscombe and Marsden support this as they say women experience a ‘triple shift’
Gender - home - domestic violence
National centre for domestic violence. 2022.
1 in 5 adults have experienced domestic abuse in their lifetime. This equates to 1 in 4 women.
Stankso also found that there is once an incident of domestic violence if occurring everyday. ( 2000’s study )
Class - crime - selective enforcement
BBC News Sean Seddon 2023
Bernie Ecclestone, he was sentenced for 17 months for not paying tax on an offshore that held 400 million. This was suspended for 2 years and he paid the civil settlement through negotiation.
Class - crime - NOTTO/labelling
Cicourel (1968)
Notion of the typical offender. W/C men fit the typifications that formal social controls have like the police, which is what they associate with crime or criminal behaviors.
Trust for London 2024- w/c criminals.
41% more crimes in income deprived areas.
Class - work - unions
Statista 2024
128 unions in the UK as of 2024. Created after the industrial revolution in the 1900’s as a way for workers to argue for fair wages and work hours.
Class - work - part time work or secondary labor market.
The House of Commons Library 2024
As of 2024, over 1 million people were employed on a zero hour contract. Since 2012 the amount of zero hour contracts has increased annually.
Ethnicity - work - Pay gap
GOV.UK 2024
EMG mean hourly pay is 19% lower than their white counter - parts.
35% of the lowest paid bracket is made up of ethnic minorities groups.
Living wage foundation. 2022.
The research found that 25% of Black workers are paid below the real Living Wage.
Ethnicity - work - vertical segregation
LSE 2021
Out of all the top earners, less than 0.1% of top earners are black women. The research also said that black women lack progression opportunities.
Ethnicity - healthcare - Mortality rates
Women and Equalities committee 2023
Reports from the 2000’s onwards have shown a greater risk for mothers from ethnic minority backgrounds.
Black women are 3.7 X more likely to die than white women immediately after childbirth
Ethnicity - healthcare - selective care.
British Medical Association. 2024.
Studies have shown that black and minority ethnic patients are less likely to be offered certain treatments or are subjected to longer waiting times compared to their white counterparts.
Age - work - employability.
People’s management 2021
46% of employers said they didn’t plan to employ people ages 16-24.
Heather Stewart 2024.
Vacancies for permanent jobs in the UK declined at their fastest pace for four years last month.
Age - work - Age discrimination
Center for ageing better.
People with a long-term health condition are 60% more likely to be out of work if they are over 50.
Disproportionate numbers of older workers currently shut out from the labor market.
Age - poverty - the youth and poverty
New Policy Institute (2015)
Found at 30% the poverty rate among young people , this is higher than any other age group.
Young people in poverty are more likely to feel like a failure and have a sense of hopelessness about their future
Age - poverty - dependency on benefits.
Age UK. 2023
Over 3.5 million people aged 50-64 currently classified as ‘economically inactive’.
18 per cent of pensioners are in relative income poverty.
