20 Judgment Flashcards
Orders to ObtainInformation from Judgment Debtors
A judgment debtor MUST provide
info to court so judgment creditor can make informed decisions on how best to enforce a judgment =“oral examination”.
Orders to ObtainInformation from Judgment Debtors
Information Against Judgment Debtor applications = 3 stages:
- C applies using application notice, without notice
- Order against D to attend court to produce documents + answer questions on oath
- Debtor must sign written record of evidence; but if before judge -) will be tape-recorded oral hearing
Orders to ObtainInformation from Judgment Debtors
An application by judgment creditor requiring D to attend court + provide info must be made by:
filing an application notice in Practice Form N316 if the application is to question an individual judgment debtor, or N316A if the application is to question an officer of a company or other corporation.
Orders to Obtain Information from Judgment Debtors
Application for Order
A judgment creditor may apply for an order requiring:
- a judgment debtor; or
- if a judgment debtor is a company or other corporation, an officer of that body,
to attend court to provide information about –
- the judgment debtor’s means; or
- any other matter about which information is needed to enforce a judgment or order.
Orders to Obtain Information from Judgment Debtors
Application for Order
Can it be made without notice?
YES
- May be made without notice
An application for order to obtain information from JB - who deals with it?
may be dealt with by a court officer without a hearing.
An application for order to obtain information from JB
APPLICATION NOTICE MUST:
(1) state the name and address of the judgment debtor;
(2) identify the judgment / order judgment creditor is seeking to enforce;
(3) if payment of money = MUST state the amount presently owed by the judgment debtor
(4) if the judgment debtor is a company or other corporation, state –
(a) the name and address of the officer of that body whom the judgment creditor wishes to be ordered to attend court; and
(b) his position in the company;
(5) if the judgment creditor wishes the questioning to be conducted before a judge, state this and give his reasons;
(6) if the judgment creditor wishes the judgment debtor to be ordered to produce specific documents at court, identify those documents; and
(7) If not for money -) identify matters the judgment creditor wishes the judgment debtor to be questioned
Court officer MAY refer it to judge and MUST if judgment creditor requests debtor be questioned before a judge.
Application notice for orders to obtain info from JD -
What must the court officer do?
Court officer MAY refer it to judge and MUST if judgment creditor requests debtor be questioned before a judge.
Orders to ObtainInformation from Judgment Debtors
Order to Attend Court
If the application notice doesn’t comply with requirements, i.e. be in the form and contain info, then:
no order to attend court will be issued. If it is in the correct format, an order to attend court will be issued.
Orders to ObtainInformation from Judgment Debtors
Order to Attend Court
A person served with an order issued must –
- attend court at the time and place specified in the order;
- when he does, produce at court documents in his control which are described in the order; and
- answer on oath such questions as the court may require.
Orders to ObtainInformation from Judgment Debtors
Order to Attend Court
The questioning will only take place before a judge if he considers that there are:
compelling reasons to make such order.
The order will provide the judgment debtor to attend the County Court hearing centre unless a judge decides otherwise.
Orders to ObtainInformation from Judgment Debtors
What will the order contain?
A penal notice – that he may be held to be in contempt of court, imprisoned, fined or assets seized if he doesn’t comply with order.
The judgment creditor can obtain information from the judgment debtor for the purpose of being able to better decide which method or methods of enforcement to use.
This procedure is not available pre-action.
Orders to ObtainInformation from Judgment Debtors
Service of the Order to attend court
Service may be from:
- the judgment creditor (or someone acting on the judgment creditor’s behalf)
- a High Court enforcement officer; or
- a County Court bailiff.
Hearing to Obtain Information from Judgment Debtor (order to attend court)
Will the person be questioned on oath?
yes
The person ordered to attend court will be questioned on oath.
Hearing to Obtain Information from Judgment Debtor (order to attend court)
Who will do the questioning?
Questioning will be carried out by a court officer unless the court has ordered that the hearing shall be before a judge.
The judgment creditor or his representative –
(a) may attend and ask questions where the questioning takes place before a court officer; and
(b) must attend and conduct the questioning if the hearing is before a judge.
Orders to Obtain Information from Judgment Debtors
Normal Procedure of the Hearing on order to attend court
What questions does the court officer ask?
The court officer asks a standard series of questions, in forms Appendixes A and B.
Orders to ObtainInformation from Judgment Debtors
Hearing to Obtain Information from Judgment Debtor (order to attend court)
At the hearing the judgment creditor or his representative may either –
(1) attend court and ask questions himself; or
(2) request the court officer to ask additional questions, by attaching a list of proposed additional questions to his application notice.
Orders to Obtain Information from Judgment Debtors
Hearings Before a Judge
Where hearing before judge, the questioning will be:
conducted by the judgment creditor or his representative, and the standard questions in the forms in Appendixes A and B will not be used.
The proceedings will be tape recorded and the court will not make a written record of the evidence.
Orders to Obtain Information from Judgment Debtors
Failure to Comply
If person fails to attend court/to answer question etc =
= the court will refer the matter to a High Court judge or Circuit Judge.
That judge may make a committal order.
Orders to Obtain Information from Judgment Debtors
Failure to Comply
If a committal order is made, the judge will direct that –
- the order shall be suspended provided that the person –
- attends court at a time and place specified in the order; and
- complies with all the terms of that order and the original order; and
- if the person fails = he shall be brought before a judge to consider whether the committal order should be discharged.
Third Party Debt Orders
Can you apply for this without notice?
The order MAY be obtained without notice on an interim basis. A hearing follows when the court decides whether or not to make a final third party debt order.
tHIRD PARTY ORDERS
Who hears the hearings?
Master or District Judge.
When are TP debt orders use?
where JD is owed money by a third party. Eg., It is an order requiring the bank etc to pay money from the account to the creditor to pay the judgment.
Third party debt orders:
2 stage process
- Without notice application for interim order freezing the money until
- On notice hear ing, where the court considers whether to make a final order
The court will not make a third party debt order without first making an order (an ‘interim third party debt order’).
Third party orders
Applying for Interim Order
What must happen?
must be issued in the court which made the judgment or order which it is sought to enforce, except that-
(i) if the proceedings have since been transferred to a different court, it must be issued in that court;
APP NOTICE MUST BE VERIFIED BY STATEMENT OF TRUTH
App for third party debt order must be made by filing an application notice.
The app must have:
- name and address of the judgment debtor;
- details of the judgment or order sought to be enforced;
- amount of money remaining due under the judgment or order;
- if the judgment debt payable by instalments, the amount of any instalments which have fallen due and remain unpaid;
- the name and address of the third party;
- if the third party is a bank or building society –
- its name and the address of the branch at which the judgment debtor’s account is believed to be held; and
- the account number;
- details of any other applications for third party debt orders
App third party order application notice:
If judgment creditor does not know all or part of this information.. he must:
- confirmation that to the best of the judgment creditor’s knowledge or belief the third party–
- is within the jurisdiction; and
- owes money to or holds money to the credit of the judgment debtor;
App third party order application notice:
if the judgment creditor knows or believes that any person other than the judgment debtor has any claim to the money owed by the third party,
he must:
state:
- his name and (if known) his address; and
- such information as is known to the judgment creditor about his claim;
Third party order
Will the court make speculative apps?
+
Will they make an interim TP order against bank/building society?
Court wont grant speculative apps for third party debt orders
+
will only make interim third party debt order against bank/building society IF judgment creditor’s app notice contains EVIDENCE to substantiate belief that judgment debtor has account with bank or building society.
Third party order
Who can the order not be made against?
A Third Party Debt order is not available against a joint bank account:
Charging Orders
What can it be made against?
Court order imposing a charge on JD’s land. Can also be made against DJ’s interest in:
- “securities”, such as company shares etc
- funds in court
- partnership property
Charging Orders gives security if JD subsequently becomes insolvent.
If a charging order is made, what must the judgment creditor do?
The Judgment Creditor has to register the charge.
A charging order can be made against:
whatever interest JD has in the asset.
They can, for example, be made against JD’s share in the matrimonial home (where JD owns only part of the equity of redemption). The application for a charging order has to be served, for example, on JD’s spouse, who is allowed to raise objections to the application.
Charging order an matrimonial home.
What is the position?
If property = in sole name of judgment debtor—or owned jointly by spouses who are both judgment debtors—the charge will be against the land itself.
Charging order can be made in respect of land which the debtor owns jointly with another. However, the order ranks as a charge on the debtor’s beneficial interest rather than upon the land itself.
Application for Charging Order
Two stage process:
- Without notice application for interim order
- On notice hearing to consider making final order (or “absolute”)
Application for Charging Order
Where should the apps be started and dealt with?
What happens if objections are raised?
County Court applications are all started at the County Court Money Claims Centre, and will normally be dealt with by a court officer. However, if objections are raised the application is transferred to JD’s home court for hearing by a District Judge.
High Court applications are always dealt with by a judge
An app for charging order
made with or without notice?
Without notice
Where must an app for charging order be made?
to CC Money Claims Centre, unless app is for charging order over an interest in a fund in court, where it must be made to CC hearing centre where order/judgment made.
The app must have a statement of truth.
An app for charging order must be made by filing an application notice.
App notice must have:
) the name and address of the judgment debtor;
(2) details of the judgment or order sought to be enforced;
(3) the amount of money remaining due under the judgment or order;
(4) if the judgment debt is payable by instalments—
(a) whether the order was made on or after 1 October 2012; and
(b) the amount of any instalments which have fallen due and remain unpaid;
(5) if the judgment creditor knows of the existence of any other creditors of the judgment debtor, their names and (if known) their addresses;
(6) identification of the asset or assets which it is intended to charge including, where applicable, the title number under which any land upon which it is sought to impose a charge is registered;
(7) details of the judgment debtor’s interest in the asset; and
(8) the names and addresses of the persons on whom an interim charging order must be served
Charging order
Do multiple app notices have to be made?
Judgment creditor may apply in a single application notice for charging orders over more than one asset, but if the court makes interim charging orders over more than one asset, it will draw up a separate order relating to each asset.
Enforcement of Charging Order by sale
Four kinds of charging order:
- On land (the most common);
- On securities;
- Over judgment debtor’s interest in a fund in court; and
- Over the judgment debtor’s interest in partnership property.