20 - further programming (pyhton files)

Question 1

programming paradigm

Answer 1

set of programming concepts
eg low level, imperative, object oriented, declarative

Question 2

OOP

Answer 2

programming methodology that uses self contained objects containing programing statments and data that communicate with each other

Question 3

class

Answer 3

defines the methods and data of a certain type of object

Question 4

attributes

Answer 4

data items in a class

Question 5

method

Answer 5

a programmed procedure which is defined as part of a class

Question 6

encapsulation

Answer 6

process of putting data and methods together as a single unit, a class

Question 7

object

Answer 7

an instance of a class that is self-contained and includes data and methods

Question 8

property

Answer 8

data and methods within an object that perform a named action

Question 9

instance

Answer 9

An occurrence of an object during the execution of a program

Question 10

data hiding

Answer 10

technique which protects the integrity of an object by restricting access to the
data and methods within that object
__ makes attributes private in python so need getters to retrieve attributes

Question 11

inheritance

Answer 11

process in which the methods and data from one class, a superclass or base class, are copied to another class - a derived class

Question 12

polymorphism

Answer 12

feature of object-oriented programming that allows methods to be redefined for derived classes

Question 13

overloading

Answer 13

feature of object-oriented programming that allows a method to be defined more than once in a class, so it can be used in different situations

Question 14

containment

Answer 14

a relationship in which one class has a component that is of amnother class type
one class contained in another type

Question 15

getter

Answer 15

a method that gets the value of a property

Question 16

setter

Answer 16

a method used to control changes to a variable

Question 17

constructor

Answer 17

a method used to initialise a new object

Question 18

destructor

Answer 18

a method that is automatically invoked when an object is destroyed

Question 19

declarative programming

Answer 19

statements of facts (a thing thats known) and rules (relationships between facts) together with a mechanism for setting goals in the form of a query

Question 20

defining a class in python

Answer 20

class person ():
def __init__ (self, name, age)
self.__name = name
self.__age = age
def GetName(self):
return self.__name
def GetAge(self):
return self.__age

Question 21

setting up an instance of an object

Answer 21

thisperson = person(“bob”, 20)

Question 22

inheritance - derived class python

Answer 22

class employee(person):
def __innit__(self, name, age):
person.__init__(self, name, age)
self.__hours = 0
def GetHours(self)
return self.__hours

Question 23

polymorphisim in python

Question 24

python overloading

Answer 24

class greeting():
def hello(self, name = None):
if name is not None
print(“Hello” +name)
else:
print(“Hello”)

thisgreeting = greeting()
thisgreeting.hello()
(when no parameters it just prints hello)
thisgreeting.hello(“bob”)
(when there is a parameter it prints hello name)

Question 25

setter python

Answer 25

def SetName(self, name):
self.__name = name

Question 26

getter python

Answer 26

def GetName(self):
return self.__name

Question 27

destructor python

Answer 27

def __del__(self):
print(“deleted”)

Question 28

exception handling

Answer 28

responding to an exception within the program so that the program doesnt stop unexpectedly

Question 29

storing records in a sequential file

Question 30

opening a file pyhton

Answer 30

f = open(‘filename’ , ‘r’)
‘r’ is read
‘a’ is append
‘w’ is write

Question 31

exception handling in python

Answer 31

try:

<statement>
except <error>:
print('error')
</error></statement>

Question 32

+ OOP

Answer 32

+ produces robust, more reliable code - attributes can only be manipulated using methods - protected from accidental change
+ classes provided in module libraries are thoroughly tested

Question 33

serial files

Answer 33

contains records that have not been organised in an order

Question 34

sequential files

Answer 34

has ordered records

Question 35

imperative programming paradigm

Answer 35

writing a program as a sequence of explicit steps that are executed by the processor

Question 36

object oriented programming paradigm

Answer 36

based on objects interacting with one another objects are data structures with associated methods

Question 37

declarative programming paradigm

Answer 37

writes down a specification that describes what th eproblem is not what the computer should do - sets up queries for the programming system to decide what to do with eg SQL

Question 38

low level programming paradigm

Answer 38

gives us the ability to manipulate contents of meory and registers directly and exploit the architecture of a given processor

Question 39

random files

Answer 39

a file that stores records at specific addresses that can be accessed directly (direct access storage)