20) Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What is evolution

A

Change in allele freuquency.

CHange range of alleles ( gene pool)

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2
Q

What is Natural Selection

A

Predation, disease and selection pressure creates struggle for survival
Some are adapted , has alleles that inc chance of survival, more likely to survive,reproduce and pass advantageous allele.

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3
Q

What is stabilising Selection

A

Environment isn’t changing mych
Middle range more likely to survive and reproduce.
Reduce range of phenotypes

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4
Q

What is directional selection

A

Change in environment Characteristics of extremes most likely to survive

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5
Q

What is Genetic DRift

A

Chance dictates which alleles are passed on.

By chance allele of one Genotype is passed on.

Haas a greater effect on smaller populations , as chance has a greater influence.

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6
Q

What is a Genetic Bottleneck

A

An event that causes a big reduction in a population size , reducing the gene pool ( overall range of alleles)

Genetic Drift has greater effect if there is a genetic bottleneck

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7
Q

What is the Founder effect

A

Few organisms from a population start a new population.

Reduce genetic variation as more small

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8
Q

What is Hardy-Weinburg principles

A

Predict allele frequency won’t change.

Only true under :
- no immigration , emigration , mutation or natural selection.

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9
Q

What are the equations of the Hardy-weinberg Equations

A

Allele Frequency
p + q = 1

Genotype frequency
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

p^2 = Homozyg Domin
2pq = Heteroz
q^2 = Homozyg Recc

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10
Q

What is artificial Selection

A

Human select individuals breed together to get desirable traits.

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11
Q

How does Artificial Selection Reduces Gene pool

A

Similar traits = similar alleles
Reduce no. of alleles

All is susceptible to the same disease
Potential useful alleles can be lost

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12
Q

What is speciation

A

Similar organism that can reproduce to give fertile offspring

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13
Q

What is Allopatric Speciation

A

Geographical isolation
-Physical barriers divides population
Allele frequ will change on eachside due to mutation or adaptions passed

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