20: Electrolyte Imbalance - Thompson

Question 1

common cuases hypokalemia

Answer 1

loop diureteics

GI losses

Question 2

s/s hypokalemia

Answer 2

** flat t waves/ dysrhythmias

fatigue/ m. cramps
paresthesias
ileus

Question 3

*** hyperkalemia causes

Answer 3

• hemolysis
• meds (spiranolactone, ACE)
• metabolic acidosis (low ph, high K)
• renal failure (#1 true med reason)
• rhabdo
• steroid issues
• too much K meds

Question 4

*** s/s hyperkalemia

Answer 4

• tented t waves

also paresthesias, weak
v-fib, heart block, death

Question 5

s/s hypoglycemia

Answer 5

sweaty
weak
anxious
nauseated
confused

Question 6

what causes blood sugar to go up?

Answer 6

DM
steroids
stress (illness, seizure)
trauma
infections

Question 7

essential tx DKA

Answer 7

FLUIDS

also slow insulin, potassium, and glucose

Question 8

*** calcium and phosphorus are ________ related

Answer 8

INVERSELY

Question 9

s/s hypocalcemia

Answer 9

tetany and m. spasm
chvostek sign (facial tap)
trousseau sign (BP cuff)
seizures
fractures
decreased cardiac output

Question 10

always check ____ prior to saying someone is low on calcium

Answer 10

albumin

formula - add 0.8 of Ca to every decrease in albumin from nml

Question 11

s/s hyponatremia *

Answer 11

• confusion

can also be nausea/vomiting but often none

Question 12

3 types hyponatremia

Answer 12

hypovolemic

euvolemic

hypervolemic

Question 13

causes of euvolemic hyponatremia

Answer 13

SIADH* (low plasma osmolality, high urine osmo and high urine Na)
hyperglycemia*

meds
infection
high triglycerides

Question 14

tx euvolemic SIDAH hyponatremia

Answer 14

fluid restriction
oral Na
democlocycline (block ADH)

Question 15

*** if you replace sodium too fast, can lead to irreversible _______

Answer 15

central pontine myelinolysis (irreversible brain damage)

Question 16

** if replace fluids too fat and bring down soidum too fast with hypernatremia tx it can lead to ….

Answer 16

brain swelling