20 - Communicable Disease Control

Question 1

What are the three domains of public health?

Answer 1

Health protection purpose is to prevent or reduce harm caused by communicable diseases and minimise health impact from environmental hazards like chemicals and radiation

Question 2

How are notifiable diseases identified? (NOIDs)

Answer 2

• Urgent cases should be reported by phone in 24 hours followed by written notification within 3 days
• Routine cases should be notified in writing within thee days
• Notifications made on clinical suspicion, don’t need lab confirmation

Question 3

What do Public Health England do once they recieve a NOID?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are some examples of NOIDs?

Answer 4

Also need to inform them of:

• any chemical or radiological contamination (CO, lead, mercuty)
• any new emerging infections (new strains of flu)
• infections that put contacts at risk (V.Zoster in pregnant women)
• cases that occur as part of an outbreak (C.Diff)

Question 5

In general how do communicable disease spread?

Answer 5

Question 6

What is the epidemiologic triangle?

Answer 6

A model explaining the organism causing the disease and the conditions that allow it to reproduce and spread.

Question 7

What are some diseases that iGAS can cause and what group of people is this disease common in?

Answer 7

• Cellulitis
• Necrotising Fascitis
• Myositis
• Common in closed communities like prisons, nursing homes, homeless, schools and carries 20% risk of fatality

Question 8

What are the three types of outbreaks that can occur with a disease?

Answer 8

Question 9

What control measures are carried out once an infectious disease has been identified?

Answer 9

Question 10

What is the definition of sleeping rough and homeless?

Answer 10

Sleeping rough: people sleeping in the open air, e.g tents, doorwarys or houses not designated for habitation

Homelessness: people wihtout any shelter, hostels, sofa surfing, people threatened with eviction, people living in unfit housing or extreme overcrowding

Question 11

What do PHE do once we are suspecting an outbreak?

Answer 11

Question 12

Who were the outbreak control team involved in the iGAS outbreak in Nottingham in the homeless?

Answer 12

Question 13

How was the GAS outbreak controlled and contained by PHE and what were the challenges that they faced?

Answer 13

• Issues with adherance and trust as the homeless do not trust the authorities
• Issues with professionals holding heightened perceptions of the risk and likelihood of infection

Question 14

What are the social issues that we face when treating homeless people?

Answer 14

Question 15

How did doctors fit into the outbreak of GAS in the homeless?

Answer 15

Question 16

describe the chain of infection

Answer 16