Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EXAM INFECTIOUS DISEASES > 2-Zoonoses from Carnivores: Dogs, Cats and Raccoons > Flashcards

2-Zoonoses from Carnivores: Dogs, Cats and Raccoons Flashcards

1
Q

Several developmental stages of the Toxoplasma gondii life cycle take place where?

A

Within cat intestinal cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are cats with Toxoplasma gondii usually infected early or late in life?

A

Early in life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is excreted by the cat that has Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Oocysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long to cats usually excrete Toxoplasma gondii oocysts for?

A

1-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long does oocyst sporulation of Toxoplasma gondii take place in the soil?

A

1-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Initial infection of Toxoplasma gondii in intermediate hosts are located where?
What is this life stage called?

A
  • Macrophages

- Tachyzoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which part of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii undergoes rapid replication, release and systemic spread?

A

Tachyzoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

As immunity to Toxoplasma gondii kicks in, what develop?

A

Bradyzoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cells infected with which part of the Toxoplasma gondii life cycle typically encyst into muscular tissues or neurologic tissues?

A

Bradyzoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 2 forms of human exposure to Toxoplasma gondii?

A
  • Oocysts in soil

- Ingestion of tissue bradyzoites in undercooked meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are very resistant and can survive most disinfectants, freezing and drying.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a major source of tissue bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii?
What are 2 other sources?

A
  • Pork

- Lamb and venison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can tissue cysts seen with Toxoplasma be rendered non-infectious?

A

By freezing for >7 days or by cooking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What should food preparers handling uncooked meat do?

A

Wash their hands after preparing pork chops, etc. for cooking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Infections of Toxoplasma are usually asymptomatic in what 2 groups of humans?

A
  • Immunocompetent adults

- Children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If a person has poor immunity, it can lead to what with Toxoplasma?

A

Tachyzoites out of control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Toxoplasma can cause severe problems in what 2 groups of people?

A
  • AIDS patients

- Pregnant women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Are there any good control programs for Toxoplasma in cats?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are 4 ways to control Toxoplasma by reducing the risk of human infections?

A
  • Pregnant women can be tested serologically for antibodies.
  • Buy cats that are less likely to be shedding.
  • Prevent oocyst sporulation.
  • Reduce exposure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a term for diseases caused by migrating larvae in paratenic hosts?

A

Larval migrans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F: Parasitic nematodes are almost never migratory during the larval stages.

A

False - they are almost always migratory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are 4 examples of types of larval migrans?

A
  • Visceral
  • Cutaneous
  • Ocular
  • Neurologic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are 3 roundworms common of pet animals?

A
  • Toxocara canis
  • Toxocara cati
  • Toxocara vitulorum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T/F: Almost every dog is infected with a roundworm at some point in its life.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Human toxacariasis is considered what?
A "neglected tropical disease"
26
What are 2 risk factors for human toxocariasis?
- Children between the age of 1-4 years | - Pica and geophagia
27
What type of larval migrans is the most common in human toxocariasis cases?
Visceral larval migrans
28
Which other 2 types of larval migrans can be seen with human toxocariasis but are more rare?
- Ocular | - Neurologic
29
Do humans have low or high exposure rate to Toxocara?
High exposure with seroprevalence up to 100% in some places.
30
What is one way to prevent toxocariasis? | What is an example of how to do this?
- Reduce the reservoir | - Regular antihelminthic treatment of dogs, cats, puppies
31
Surveys have shown that what percentage of soil samples from parks or children's sand pits may have Toxocara eggs?
20-40%
32
Is it easy or difficult to control Toxocara in the soil?
Very difficult
33
What is the raccoon roundworm?
Baylisascaris procyonis
34
Is Baylisascaris procyonis seen more in the eastern or western part of the US?
Eastern
35
Which 2 types of larval migrans are more common with Baylisascaris procyonis?
- Ocular | - Neurologic
36
What species can function as an alternative definitive or intermediate host for Baylisascaris procyonis?
Dogs
37
Humans are definitive hosts for which 4 cestode species?
- Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) - Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) - Diphyllobothrium (fish tapeworm) - Dipylidiuim caninum (dog tapeworm)
38
How do humans get infested with cestodes?
By eating intermediate host tissue (usually meat).
39
What are 3 species of cestodes where humans are the intermediate host?
- Echinococcus granulosus - Echinococcus multilocularis - Taenia solium
40
How do humans usually become intermediate hosts?
Usually infested by eating larvated eggs.
41
What types of symptoms are seen with the human is a definitive host?
"Standard" worm symptoms.
42
What are 3 locations where cysts can cause symptoms in human intermediate hosts?
- Liver - Lungs - Brain
43
The primary affected organ in human intermediate hosts for cestodes depends on what?
The species of parasite.
44
What type of symptoms can be seen in human intermediate hosts following the rupture of a cyst from a cestode infestation?
Anaphylactic symptoms
45
Which type of cyst disease is seen with Echinococcus granulosus?
Hydatid cyst disease
46
What type of cyst disease is seen with Echinococcus multilocularis?
Alveolar cyst disease
47
What type of cysts are seen with Echinococcus granulosus?
Individual, large, fluid-filled cysts in multiple tissues.
48
What type of cysts are seen with Echinococcus multilocularis?
Multilocular, small, solid cysts in tissues.
49
Where do you often find the cysts associated with Echinococcus granulosus?
Liver
50
Where can you often find the cysts associated with Echinococcus multilocularis? Where can they spread to secondarily?
- Liver | - Lungs
51
Echinococcus granulosus cysts may also develop where?
Brain
52
What species are reservoirs for all species of Echinococcus?
Canids
53
Hydatid cysts in the liver can take how long to produce enough damage for clinical symptoms to appear?
10-20 years
54
What are 5 examples of types of cystic Echinococcosis-associated losses seen in livestock?
- Liver condemnation - Decreased carcass weight - Decreased hide value - Decreased milk production - Decreased fecundity
55
What 2 species are the definitive host for Echinococcus granulosus?
- Dogs | - Wolves
56
How long is the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm?
<1 cm
57
What are 2 species that are natural intermediate hosts for Echinococcus granulosus?
- Sheep | - Moose
58
What species is considered an aberrant intermediate host for Echinoccocus granulosus?
Humans
59
How does man get infected by Echinococcus granulosus?
By ingestion of eggs, not meat.
60
T/F: Most of the US in non-endemic for cystic Echinococcosis.
True
61
The relatively small amount of cystic Echinococcosis seen in the US is associated with what industry?
Sheep industry
62
What are 2 examples of communities in the western US where cystic Echinococcosis can be seen?
- Native Americans | - Basque immigrants in parts of California
63
Cystic Echincoccosis can be seen in the sylvatic cycle between wolves and moose in what country?
Canada
64
What are 3 ways to control cystic Echinococcosis?
- Preventing infestation in dogs - Condemnation/disposal of infected offal - Preventing transmission to people
65
What do you treat dogs with to prevent cystic Echinococcosis?
Regular treatment with Praziquantel every 6 weeks.
66
The cysts seen with Alveolar Cyst Disease can take how long to grow? Are they operable?
- Over 10 years | - Usually inoperable by the time of diagnosis.
67
The natural cycle of Alveolar Echinococcosis is between what 2 species? What are 2 domestic species that can also be hosts?
- Foxes and rodents | - Dogs and cats
68
Is Alveolar Echinococcosis common or rare in humans? | What is the mortality rate if left untreated?
- Rare | - 50-70% fatality if untreated.
69
Where can Alveolar Echinococcosis be found?
Throughout the northern hemisphere.
70
What are 5 ways to control Echinococcus multilocularis?
- Routine antihelminthic treatment of dogs - Reduce exposure of domestic pets to rodents - Treatment of foxes - Education - Stray dog control
71
Twice annual treatment of dogs for Echinoccocus multilocularis lead to what percentage of a decrease in human cases of Alveolar Echinococcosis?
13-50%
72
T/F: Dogs and cats are rarely infested with zoonotic parasites.
False - they are often infested.
73
How are most zoonotic parasites seen in dogs and cats transmitted?
By ingestion of animal feces.
74
What are 2 examples of dog and cat zoonotic parasites that can also be transmitted by ingestion of infective meat?
- Toxoplasma gondii | - Toxocara canis
75
What 2 groups of humans are especially at risk?
- Children | - Immuno-compromised
76
Which protozoa is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite?
Toxoplasma gondii

EXAM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions