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Year 1 GI > 2. Upper GI anatomy > Flashcards

2. Upper GI anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

9 sections of abdomen
3 lines/planes
draw if possible

A

Hypogastric / epigastric / hypogastric
Lumbar / umbilical / lumbar
Iliac / hypogastric / iliac

Mid clavicular line
Transpyloric plane L1
Transtubecular plane

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2
Q 
Name features of oral cavity (draw if poss)
7
(4,7)
(4,7)
(5)
(13)
(16,4)
(8,7)
(13,7)
A 
Hard palette
Soft palette 
Uvula
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeal arch
Palatine tonsils 
Oropharyngeal isthmus
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3
Q 
Name of buds on tongue (draw if poss)
Mid tongue 
Mid left and mid right
Sides
Back
A

Very middle: Filiform papillae
Mid left/right: Fungiform papillae
Sides: Foliate papillae
Back: Vallate papillae

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4
Q

Parts of oesophagus

A

Cervical
Thoracic (T1-10)
Abdominal

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5
Q

Contractions of oesophagus

Include where/why

A

Cervical C5/6 bc cricoid cart
Thoracic bc aortic arch
Abdominal/diaphragmatic bs oesophageal hiatus

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6
Q

3 features of where oesophagus entering stomach draw if poss

A

Cardial notch
Cardial orifice
Cardia

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7
Q

Functions of liver

A

Makes and secretes bile
Metabolism of carbs, fats and proteins
Filters blood, removes foreign particles/bacteria
Makes heparin (detoxifying anticoagulant)

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8
Q

Describe 2 main surfaces of liver and the recesses

A 
Diaphragmatic - smooth and domed
Visceral - covered with visceral peritoneum apart from fossa for gall bladder and porta hepatis
Subphrenic recess (anterior)
Hepatorenal recess (posterior)
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9
Q

Describe lobes of liver

A

Right and left

Caudate and quadrate lobe part of right lobe but functionally related to left

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10
Q

What are couinaud segments
(Shape, related vessels, how separated)
Name of the group of vessels

A 
Wedge shaped segments 
Apex point to hepatic hilum
Segmental branch of hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct enter at each segments’ apex
Separated by outflow of hepatic veins 
Group known as PORTAL TRIAD
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11
Q

Name peritoneal reflections around liver
Include location
Draw if poss

A

Falciform ligament (between left and right lobe)
Left triangular ligament (visceral surface on left)
Right triangular ligament p (visceral surface on right)
Coronary ligament (visceral surface near right triangular ligament)

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12
Q

Micro anatomy of liver:

1) Liver surrounded by?
2) Made up of?
3) Drainage route
4) Spaces in liver between no. 2
5) what separates 2
6) Name of liver cells

A 
1 Fibrous capsule
2 Liver lobules
3 cells, through sinusoids, central vein of each lobule, hepatic vein, IVC
4 Portal canals
5 interlobular septum
6 hepatocytes
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13
Q

Function of bile

A

Disgust and absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins in small intestine
Eliminate waste products (eg bilirubin-breakdown of haem)

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14
Q

1 Bile made and secreted by?
2 Rate of secretion
3 Route of bile
4 stored and concentrated by?

A

1 hepatocytes
2 40ml/hr
3 hepatocytes secrete into canaliculi>flow into bile duct
4 gall bladder (when digestion not happening)

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15
Q

Features of where gall bladder and intestine meet

DRAW AND CHECK! lecture 2

A 
Gall bladder
Cystic duct
Right, left and common hepatic ducts
Bile duct
Descending part of duodenum 
Main pancreatic duct
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16
Q

Pancreas:
Exocrine role
Endocrine role

A

Exocrine: makes enzymes that hydrolyse carbs, fats, proteins
Endocrine: (islets of Langerhans) make insulin and glucagon

17
Q

Describe main pancreatic duct

Describe accessory duct

A

Main: runs through pancreas from head to tail and joins with bile duct (hepatopancreatic ampulla) in uncinate process which then open into duodenum on major duodenal papilla
Accessory: drains upper part of head, opens into duodenum above main duct on minor duodenal papilla

18
Q

Draw blood supply to pancreas

Include spleen and part of duodenum

A

Included:
Celiac trunk which splits into
1 Common hepatic artery > hepatic And gastroduodenal artery > right gastric-omental artery and superior pancreaticoduodenal>sup. Anterior and posterior pancreaticduodenal arteries>inferior ant/post p.d. arteries
2 Splenic artery > left gastric and short gastric arteries/arterioles?
3 Left gastric artery

19
Q
  1. Name 4 paired intrinsic tongue muscles
  2. Name 5 extrinsic tongue muscles
    3 innervation of all
A
  1. Sup longitudinal, inf longitudinal, transverse and vertical
  2. Genioglossus, geniohyoidus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus (draw diagram)
  3. All innervated by CNXII hypoglossus except palatoglossus=CNX vagus

Year 1 GI (14 decks)

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