2. The First World War and its Political, Social and Economic Consequences (1914-1929)

Question 1

Who was the chancellor of the exchequer in 1914?

Answer 1

Lloyd George

Question 2

Dates of the WWI

Answer 2

August 1914 - 1918

Question 3

At first, it was intended that Britain would wage war as …………………, but it took place as ……………… than it, providing also a …………………….

Answer 3

At first, it was intended that Britain would wage war as sea power, but it took place as more than it, providing also a mass army.

Question 4

At the battle of the ………….. in …………….., ………………. men fell on the 1st day. During this battle only, Britain lost ………………….. men.

Answer 4

At the battle of the Somme in June 1916, 60 000 men fell on the 1st day. During this battle only, Britain lost **420 000 **men.

Question 5

Battle of Flanders

Answer 5

• Aug to sept 1917
• more than 300 000 men recorded as dead or injured
• disaster and needed help from Americans

Question 6

Results of the WWI in terms of deaths and injured

Answer 6

• 745 000 men killed
• 1,6 million seriously injured.

Question 7

coalition government

Answer 7

• 1915-1918
• liberal, conservative, Labour
• All the political parties agreed to work together as one
• common in times of war.
• war justified as a moral one.
• aim: to defend liberal principles and the integrity of small nations and to allow them to defend themselves.

Question 8

Prime Minister in 1915

Answer 8

• Lord Asquith
• formed a coalition government
• December 1916: criticised so resigned
• replaced by David Lloyd George

Question 9

state role in the war

Answer 9

• defend the country
• mobilising its resources
• organise the troops
• ministry of munitions was created to supply the army and the forces
• industry along with agriculture, producing in order to meet the needs of the troops
• state control of the needs of production
• policies of free trade and “Laissez-faire” completely abandoned.

Question 10

Which classes of society were involved in the war effort?

Answer 10

All of them

Question 11

……… were forbidden during war. It was also noted that the ……………………. improved and so did the ……………….. In fact, the trade unions were ………………. by the war as their number ………………….

Answer 11

Strikes were forbidden during war. It was also noted that the wages improved and so did the working conditions. In fact, the trade unions were strengthened by the war as their number increased.

Question 12

The most important change was that ……………… as they …………… in …………………. and ………………. or they became ……………….. on the front.

Answer 12

The most important change was that women gained new responsibilities as they replaced men in industry and factories or they became nurses on the front.

Question 13

right of vote for women over 30

date

Answer 13

February 6th 1918

Question 14

Lowering of the age of voting right for women

give date and age

Answer 14

• 1928
• 21 years old

Question 15

The cost of the war was …………………, and the national debt was …………………… which in term led to ……………….. some years later.

Answer 15

The cost of the war was enormous, and the national debt was increased which in term led to inflation some years later.

Question 16

What was introduced in 1918 to control the country?

Answer 16

rationing

Question 17

The role of the country in international trade ………………. So GB didn’t ………………….. as much as before and new ……………………….. now existed, which in term affected the ……………………… of the country.

Answer 17

The role of the country in international trade diminished. So GB didn’t export as much as before and new competitors now existed, which in term affected the economy of the country.

Question 18

The government raised ………… but not ……….. and most of the war was financed through ………………, mostly from the …………. This in term caused ………………. and as prices ………….., the government had to …………. …………….. money to pay for things. By ………….., GB was in ……………….. of over £………………….

Answer 18

The government raised taxes but not enough and most of the war was financed through borrowing, mostly from the US. This in term caused inflation and as prices increased, the government had to borrow more money to pay for things. By 1918, GB was in debt of over £815 million.

Question 19

WWI was really a …………………… when Britain went from being the ………………………… to being in the …………………………………

Answer 19

WWI was really a turning point when Britain went from being the** world’s greatest financial power** to being in the shadow of the US.

Question 20

Representation of the people act

Answer 20

• 1918
• crucial reform
• immediate consequence of WWI
• gave women over 30 and all men over 21 the right to vote
• extended the electorate from 8 million to over 21 million (74% of the population)
• was mainly a working-class vote

Question 21

………………, as one of the ……………….. countries, drew up the ………………… that took place in ……………….. and the …………………… was also created to try and keep …………………… However it soon became clear that ……………… remained ……………….., and it would be very difficult for the country to …………………….. This would also lead to a feeling of ……………… in ……………. against the …………………

Answer 21

GB, as one of the winning countries, drew up the peace settlement that took place in Versailles and the League of Nations was also created to try and keep peace. However it soon became clear that Germany remained unstable, and it would be very difficult for the country to pay the reparations promised. This would also lead to a feeling of animosity in Germany against the winners.

Question 22

Amritsar massacre

Answer 22

• 1919
• India
• against English repression in India

Question 23

general election of 1918

Answer 23

• liberal party was victorious with lord Lloyd George
• “coupon election” (new coalition government)
• 526 coalition MPs
• 136 liberals and unionist conservatives
• 57 Labour MPs
• 26 independent Liberals (in favour of Lord Asquith)
• last liberal majority government.

Question 24

What was the aim of the conservatives in 1918?

Answer 24

• to promote business
• manufacturing interest

Question 25

What were the 3 ideas moving away from the conservatives they believed in?

Answer 25

• free entreprise
• moderate social reforms
• defence of historic institutions

Question 26

“Honours’ scandal”

Answer 26

• it was discovered that Lloyd had been selling political honours and put money to his own political fund
• almost finished him off

Question 27

what’s an autocrat?

Answer 27

a dictator

Question 28

Carlton club rebellion

Answer 28

• The conservative in the coalition saw Lloyd George as an autocrat
• they decided to break free
• met at the Carlton club and voted to leave the coalition, forcing Lloyd George to resign.
• revolt led by Stanley Baldwin.
• at the following general election, the conservatives won a large majority

Question 29

When did the conservatives dominate in Parliament?

Answer 29

• from 1922 to January 1924
• from October 1924 to 1929

Question 30

Dates of Andrew Bonar Law being prime minister

Answer 30

1922-1923

Question 31

Dates of Stanley Baldwin being prime minister

Answer 31

• may 23-jan 24,
• Oct 24- june 29

Question 32

Dates and party of Ramsay Macdonald being prime minister

Answer 32

• jan - nov 1924
• labour government

Question 33

when could men and women vote at the age of 21?

Answer 33

1928

Question 34

creation of the BBC

Answer 34

1926

Question 35

Why was Ramsay Macdonald able to lead the first ever Labour Government?

Answer 35

the conservatives wanted to introduce a policy of tariffs in order to protect industry

Question 36

What was Macdonald’s aim?

Answer 36

to show that Labour was respectable and moderate and also that his governement could govern the country

Question 37

Why did the conservatives lose the elections in 1929?

Answer 37

• they lacked directions
• the workers thought they weren’t being heard
• Labour was a party that could understand the needs of the working classes

Question 38

When did the general strike of miners begin?

Answer 38

May, 1st 1926