2. The First World War and its Political, Social and Economic Consequences (1914-1929) Flashcards
Who was the chancellor of the exchequer in 1914?
Lloyd George
Dates of the WWI
August 1914 - 1918
At first, it was intended that Britain would wage war as …………………, but it took place as ……………… than it, providing also a …………………….
At first, it was intended that Britain would wage war as sea power, but it took place as more than it, providing also a mass army.
At the battle of the ………….. in …………….., ………………. men fell on the 1st day. During this battle only, Britain lost ………………….. men.
At the battle of the Somme in June 1916, 60 000 men fell on the 1st day. During this battle only, Britain lost **420 000 **men.
Battle of Flanders
- Aug to sept 1917
- more than 300 000 men recorded as dead or injured
- disaster and needed help from Americans
Results of the WWI in terms of deaths and injured
- 745 000 men killed
- 1,6 million seriously injured.
coalition government
- 1915-1918
- liberal, conservative, Labour
- All the political parties agreed to work together as one
- common in times of war.
- war justified as a moral one.
- aim: to defend liberal principles and the integrity of small nations and to allow them to defend themselves.
Prime Minister in 1915
- Lord Asquith
- formed a coalition government
- December 1916: criticised so resigned
- replaced by David Lloyd George
state role in the war
- defend the country
- mobilising its resources
- organise the troops
- ministry of munitions was created to supply the army and the forces
- industry along with agriculture, producing in order to meet the needs of the troops
- state control of the needs of production
- policies of free trade and “Laissez-faire” completely abandoned.
Which classes of society were involved in the war effort?
All of them
……… were forbidden during war. It was also noted that the ……………………. improved and so did the ……………….. In fact, the trade unions were ………………. by the war as their number ………………….
Strikes were forbidden during war. It was also noted that the wages improved and so did the working conditions. In fact, the trade unions were strengthened by the war as their number increased.
The most important change was that ……………… as they …………… in …………………. and ………………. or they became ……………….. on the front.
The most important change was that women gained new responsibilities as they replaced men in industry and factories or they became nurses on the front.
right of vote for women over 30
date
February 6th 1918
Lowering of the age of voting right for women
give date and age
- 1928
- 21 years old
The cost of the war was …………………, and the national debt was …………………… which in term led to ……………….. some years later.
The cost of the war was enormous, and the national debt was increased which in term led to inflation some years later.
What was introduced in 1918 to control the country?
rationing
The role of the country in international trade ………………. So GB didn’t ………………….. as much as before and new ……………………….. now existed, which in term affected the ……………………… of the country.
The role of the country in international trade diminished. So GB didn’t export as much as before and new competitors now existed, which in term affected the economy of the country.
The government raised ………… but not ……….. and most of the war was financed through ………………, mostly from the …………. This in term caused ………………. and as prices ………….., the government had to …………. …………….. money to pay for things. By ………….., GB was in ……………….. of over £………………….
The government raised taxes but not enough and most of the war was financed through borrowing, mostly from the US. This in term caused inflation and as prices increased, the government had to borrow more money to pay for things. By 1918, GB was in debt of over £815 million.
WWI was really a …………………… when Britain went from being the ………………………… to being in the …………………………………
WWI was really a turning point when Britain went from being the** world’s greatest financial power** to being in the shadow of the US.
Representation of the people act
- 1918
- crucial reform
- immediate consequence of WWI
- gave women over 30 and all men over 21 the right to vote
- extended the electorate from 8 million to over 21 million (74% of the population)
- was mainly a working-class vote
………………, as one of the ……………….. countries, drew up the ………………… that took place in ……………….. and the …………………… was also created to try and keep …………………… However it soon became clear that ……………… remained ……………….., and it would be very difficult for the country to …………………….. This would also lead to a feeling of ……………… in ……………. against the …………………
GB, as one of the winning countries, drew up the peace settlement that took place in Versailles and the League of Nations was also created to try and keep peace. However it soon became clear that Germany remained unstable, and it would be very difficult for the country to pay the reparations promised. This would also lead to a feeling of animosity in Germany against the winners.
Amritsar massacre
- 1919
- India
- against English repression in India
general election of 1918
- liberal party was victorious with lord Lloyd George
- “coupon election” (new coalition government)
- 526 coalition MPs
- 136 liberals and unionist conservatives
- 57 Labour MPs
- 26 independent Liberals (in favour of Lord Asquith)
- last liberal majority government.
What was the aim of the conservatives in 1918?
- to promote business
- manufacturing interest
What were the 3 ideas moving away from the conservatives they believed in?
- free entreprise
- moderate social reforms
- defence of historic institutions
“Honours’ scandal”
- it was discovered that Lloyd had been selling political honours and put money to his own political fund
- almost finished him off
what’s an autocrat?
a dictator
