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HLT 143 > 2 Terms > Flashcards

2 Terms Flashcards

Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole

1
Q

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

A

anabolism

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2
Q

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

A

catabolism

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3
Q

structure surrounding and protecting the cell; determines what enters and leaves the cell

A

cell membrane

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4
Q

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes

A

chromosomes

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5
Q

46 (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 (individual, unpaired)

A

chromosomes

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6
Q

all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

chemical found within each chromosome; arranged like a sequence of recipes in code; directs the activities of the cell

A

DNA

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8
Q

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell; place where large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

regions of DNA within each chromosome

A

genes

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10
Q

picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell; chromosomes arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

A

karyotype

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11
Q

total of the chemical processes in a cell

A

metabolism

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12
Q

includes catabolism and anabolism

A

metabolism

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13
Q

structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell; catabolism occurs here

A

mitochondria

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14
Q

control center of the cell; contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

A

nucleus

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15
Q

which system contains the following organs:

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines (small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas

A

digestive

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16
Q

which system contains the following organs:

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

A

urinary or excretory

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17
Q

which system contains the following organs:

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

A

respiratory

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18
Q

which system contains the following organs:
female- ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
male- testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

A

reproductive

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19
Q

which system contains the following organs:

thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands

A

endocrine

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20
Q

which system contains the following organs:

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves

A

nervous

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21
Q

which system contains the following organs:

heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

A

circulatory

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22
Q

which system contains the following organs:

muscles, bones, and joints

A

musculoskeletal

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23
Q

which system contains the following organs:

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue

A

skin and sense organs

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24
Q

collection of fat cells

A

adipose tissue

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25
Q

flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joint; forms part of the external ear and the nose; rings of this surround the trachea

A

cartilage

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26
Q

skin cells that cover the outside of the body line the internal surfaces of organs

A

epithelial cells

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27
Q

specialist in the study of tissues

A

histologist

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28
Q

voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea

A

larynx

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29
Q

throat; serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea)

A

pharynx

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30
Q

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

A

pituitary gland

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31
Q

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

A

thyroid gland

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32
Q

windpipe (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)

A

trachea

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33
Q

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

A

ureter

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34
Q

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

A

urethra

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35
Q

womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

A

uterus

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36
Q

internal organs

A

viscera

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37
Q

which cavity contains the following organs:

brain, pituitary gland

A

cranial

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38
Q

which cavity contains the following organs:

lungs, heart, esophagus, trahea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta

A

thoracic

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39
Q

body cavity divided into two smaller cavities: the pleural cavity and the mediastinum

A

thoracic

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40
Q

which cavity contains the following organs:
surrounded by the peritoneum; contains the kidneys, stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

A

abdominal

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41
Q

which cavity contains the following organs:
portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in the female

A

pelvic

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42
Q

which cavity contains the following organs:

nerves of the spinal cord

A

spinal

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43
Q

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines

A

abdominal cavity

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44
Q

another name for the abdominal cavity

A

abdomen or peritoneal cavity

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45
Q

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

A

cranial cavity

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46
Q

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavitites; moves up and down and aids in breathing

A

diaphragm

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47
Q

pertaining to the back

A

dorsal (posterior)

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48
Q

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

A

mediastinum

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49
Q

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

A

pelvic cavity

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50
Q

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

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51
Q

attaches abdominal viscera to muscles, functions as a protective membrane (containing blood vessels and nerves) around the organs

A

peritoneum

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52
Q

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

A

pleura

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53
Q

space between the pleural layers

A

pleural cavity

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54
Q

space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord

A

spinal cavity (spinal canal)

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55
Q

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

A

thoracic cavity

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56
Q

pertaining to the front

A

ventral (anterior)

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57
Q

list the divisions of the back

A 
cervical,
thoracic,
lumbar,
sacral,
coccygeal
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58
Q

5 bones are fused to form this one bone

A

sacrum

59
Q

a small bone composed of four fused pieces

A

coccyx

60
Q

list the abdominopelvic regions

A 
hypochondriac,
epigastric,
lumbar,
umbilical,
inguinal,
hypogastric
61
Q

number of abdominopelvic regions

A

6

62
Q

number of abdominopelvic quadrants

A

4

63
Q

number of back divisions

A

5

64
Q

list the abdominopelvic quadrants

A

right upper quadrant (RUQ),
left upper quadrant (LUQ),
right lower quadrant (RLQ),
left lower quadrant (LLQ)

65
Q

abdominopelvic region:

right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

A

hypochondriac

66
Q

abdominopelvic region:

middle upper region above the stomach

A

epigastric

67
Q

abdominopelvic region:

right and left middle regions near the waist

A

lumbar

68
Q

abdominopelvic region:

central region near the navel

A

umbilical

69
Q

abdominopelvic region:

right and left lower regions near the groin

A

inguinal (iliac)

70
Q

abdominopelvic region:

middle lower region below the umbilical region

A

hypogastric

71
Q

back division:

neck region

A

cervical (C1 to C7)

72
Q

back division:

chest region

A

thoracic (T1 to T12)

73
Q

back division:

loin (waist) region

A

lumbar (L1 to L5)

74
Q

back division:

region of the sacrum

A

sacral (S1 to S5)

75
Q

back division:

region of the coccyx (tailbone)

A

coccygeal

76
Q

single backbone

A

vertebra

77
Q

backbones

A

vertebrae

78
Q

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

A

spinal column

79
Q

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

A

spinal cord

80
Q

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

A

disk (disc)

81
Q

front surface of the body

A

anterior (ventral)

82
Q

away from the surface

A

deep

83
Q

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

A

distal

84
Q

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

A

frontal (coronal) plane

85
Q

below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body

A

inferior (caudal)

86
Q

pertaining to the side

A

lateral

87
Q

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

A

medial

88
Q

back surface of the body

A

posterior (dorsal)

89
Q

lying on the belly (face down, palms down)

A

prone

90
Q

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

A

proximal

91
Q

lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

A

sagittal (lateral) plane

92
Q

plane dividing the body into right and left halves

A

midsagittal plane

93
Q

on the surface

A

superficial

94
Q

above another structure; pertaining to the head

A

superior (cephalic)

95
Q

lying on the back (face up, palms up)

A

supine

96
Q

horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

A

transverse (axial) plane

97
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

98
Q

adip/o

A

fat

99
Q

anter/o

A

front

100
Q

cervic/o

A

neck (of the body or of the uterus)

101
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage (type of connective tissue)

102
Q

chrom/o

A

color

103
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx (tailbone)

104
Q

crani/o

A

skull

105
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

106
Q

dist/o

A

far, distant

107
Q

dors/o

A

back portion of the body

108
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

109
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (upper part of the pelvic bone)

110
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

111
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

112
Q

later/o

A

side

113
Q

lumb/o

A

lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)

114
Q

medi/o

A

middle

115
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

116
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

117
Q

poster/o

A

back, behind

118
Q

proxim/o

A

nearest

119
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

120
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

121
Q

spin/o

A

spine, backbone

122
Q

thel/o, theli/o

A

nipple

123
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

124
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe

125
Q

umbilic/o

A

navel, umbilicus

126
Q

ventr/o

A

belly side of the body

127
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra(e), backbone(s)

128
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

129
Q

ana-

A

up

130
Q

cata-

A

down

131
Q

epi-

A

above

132
Q

hypo-

A

below

133
Q

inter-

A

between

134
Q

intra-

A

within

135
Q

meta-

A

change

136
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

137
Q

-iac

A

pertaining to

138
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

139
Q

-ism

A

process, condition

140
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to, full of

141
Q

-plasm

A

formation

142
Q

-somes

A

bodies

143
Q

-type

A

picture, classification

HLT 143 (29 decks)

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