1 Exercises Flashcards
Basic Word Structure
physician who treats heart attacks
cardiologist
physician who treats ovarian cysts
gynecologist
physician who treats bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder
psychiatrist
physician who treats breast adenocarcinoma
oncologist
physician who treats iron deficiency anemia
hematologist
physician who treats retinopathy
ophthalmologist
physician who treats cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
neurologist
physician who treats renal failure
nephrologist
physician who treats inflammatory bowel disease
gastroenterologist
physician who treats prostatic adenocarcinoma
urologist
Word beginnings are called ___.
prefixes
Word endings are called ___.
suffixes
The foundation of a word is known as the ___.
root
A letter linking a suffix and a root, or linking two roots, in a term is the ___.
combining vowel
The combination of a root and a combining vowel is known as the ___.
combining form
cardi/o
heart
aden/o
gland
bi/o
life
cerebr/o
cerebrum, largest part of the brain
cephal/o
head
arthr/o
joint
carcin/o
cancer, cancerous
cyst/o
urinary bladder
cyt/o
cell
derm/o, dermat/o
skin
encephal/o
brain
electr/o
electricity
-oma
tumor, mass, swelling
-al
pertaining to
-itis
inflammation
-logy
process of study
-scopy
process of visual examination
-ic
pertaining to
-gram
record (image)
-opsy
process of viewing
use slashes to divide, give meaning of term:
cerebral
cerebr/al,
pertaining to the cerebrum, or largest part of the brain
use slashes to divide, give meaning of term:
biopsy
bi/opsy,
process of viewing life (removal of living tissue and viewing it under a microscope)
use slashes to divide, give meaning of term:
adenitis
aden/itis,
inflammation of a gland
use slashes to divide, give meaning of term:
cephalic
cephal/ic,
pertaining to the head
use slashes to divide, give meaning of term:
carcinoma
carcin/oma,
tumor that is cancerous (cancerous tumor)
use slashes to divide, give meaning of term:
cystoscopy
cyst/o/scopy,
process of visually examining the urinary bladder
use slashes to divide, give meaning of term:
electrocardiogram
electr/o/cardi/o/gram,
record of the electricity in the heart
use slashes to divide, give meaning of term:
cardiology
cardi/o/logy,
process of study of the heart
use slashes to divide, give meaning of term:
electroencephalogram
electr/o/encephal/o/gram,
record of the electricity in the brain
use slashes to divide, give meaning of term:
dermatitis
dermat/itis,
inflammation of the skin
use slashes to divide, give meaning of term:
arthroscopy
arthr/o/scopy,
process of visual exammination of a joint
use slashes to divide, give meaning of term:
cytology
cyt/o/logy,
process of study of cells
erythr/o
red
enter/o
intestines (usually small intestine)
gastr/o
stomach
gnos/o
knowledge
hemat/o
blood
cis/o
to cut
nephr/o
kidney
leuk/o
white
iatr/o
treatment, physician
hepat/o
liver
neur/o
nerve
gynec/o
woman, female
white blood cell
leukocyte
inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
pertaining to being produced by treatment
iatrogenic
study of kidneys
nephrology
red blood cell
erythrocyte
mass of blood
hematoma
process of viewing living tissue (using a microscope)
biopsy
pain of nerves
neuralgia
process of visual examination of the eye
ophthalmoscopy
inflammation of the small intestine
enteritis
combining form:
kidney
ren/o
combining form:
disease
path/o
combining form:
eye
ophthalm/o
combining form:
to cut
sect/o
combining form:
nose
rhin/o
combining form:
flesh
sarc/o
combining form:
mind
psych/o
combining form:
urinary tract
ur/o
combining form:
bone
oste/o
combining form:
x-rays
radi/o
combining form:
clotting
thromb/o
combining form:
tumor
onc/o
write the suffix, give meaning of term:
ophthalmoscopy
-scopy,
process of visual examination of the eye
write the suffix, give meaning of term:
ophthalmoscope
-scope,
instrument to visually examine the eye
write the suffix, give meaning of term:
oncology
-logy,
study of tumors
write the suffix, give meaning of term:
osteitis
-itis,
inflammation of bone
write the suffix, give meaning of term:
psychosis
-osis,
abnormal condition of the mind
write the suffix, give meaning of term:
thrombocyte
-cyte, clotting cell (platelet)
write the suffix, give meaning of term:
renal
-al,
pertaining to the kidney
write the suffix, give meaning of term:
nephrectomy
-ectomy,
removal (excision or resection) of the kidney
write the suffix, give meaning of term:
osteotomy
-tomy, incision of (process of cutting into) a bone
write the suffix, give meaning of term:
resection
-ion,
process of cutting back (in the sense of “cutting out” or removal)
write the suffix, give meaning of term:
carcinogenic
-genic,
pertaining to producing cancer
write the suffix, give meaning of term:
sarcoma
-oma,
tumor of flesh (cancerous tumor of flash tissue, such as bone, fat, and muscle)
suffix:
condition, usually abnormal
-osis
suffix:
blood condition
-emia
suffix:
cell
-cyte
suffix:
disease condition
-pathy
suffix:
process of cutting, incision
-tomy
suffix:
inflammation
-itis
suffix:
instrument to visually examine
-scope
suffix:
pain
-algia
suffix:
pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in
-genic
suffix:
process
-ion
suffix:
protein
-globin
suffix:
record (image)
-gram
suffix:
excision, removal (resection)
-ectomy
When Paul smoked cigarettes, he inhaled a ___ substance with each puff.
carcinogenic
Sally’s sore throat, fever, and chills made her doctor order a white blood cell count. The results, indicating infection, showed a slight increase in normal cells, a condition called ___.
leukocytosis
Mr. Smith’s liver enlarged, giving him abdominal pain. His radiologic tests and biopsy revealed a malignant tumor, or ___.
hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma)
Mrs. Rose complained of pain in her hip joints, knees, and shoulders each morning. She was told that she had painful joints, or ___.
arthralgia
Dr. Black was trained to treat disorders of the pancreas, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland. Thus, he was an expert in the ___ glands.
endocrine
Ms. Walsh told her doctor she had pain when urinating. After tests, the doctor’s diagnosis was inflammation of the urinary bladder, or ___.
cystitis
Elizabeth’s overhead tennis shot hit David in the thigh, producing a large ___. His skin looked bruised and the affected area was tender.
hematoma
Mr. Bell’s white blood cell count is 10 times higher than normal. Examination shows cancerous white blood cells. His diagnosis is ___.
leukemia
Mr. Kay was resuscitated (revived from potential or apparent death) in the emergency department after experiencing a heart attack. Unfortunately, he suffered a broken rib as a result of the physician’s chest compressions. This is an example of a/an ___ fracture.
iatrogenic
After playing one season for a professional football team, Bill Smith decided to reture because he worried about the dangers of concussions and head trauma - a condition called CTE, or chronic traumatic ___.
encephalopathy
dia-
complete, through
pro-
before
aut-, auto-
self, own
a-, an-
no, not, without
hyper-
excessive, above, more than normal
hypo-
deficient, below, less than normal
epi-
above, upon
endo-
within
retro-
behind
trans-
across, through
peri-
surrounding
ex-, exo-
out
sub-
below, under
re-
back
write the prefix, give meaning of term:
diagnosis
dia-,
complete knowledge; a decision about the nature of the patient’s condition after the appropriate tests are done
write the prefix, give meaning of term:
prognosis
pro-,
before knowledge; a prediction about the outcome of treatment, given after the diagnosis
write the prefix, give meaning of term:
subhepatic
sub-,
pertaining to below the liver (a combining vowel is not needed between the prefix and the root)
write the prefix, give meaning of term:
pericardium
peri-,
the membrane surrounding the heart
write the prefix, give meaning of term:
hyperglycemia
hyper-,
condition of excessive sugar in the blood
write the prefix, give meaning of term:
hypodermic
hypo-,
pertaining to under the skin
write the prefix, give meaning of term:
epigastric
epi-,
pertaining to above the stomach
write the prefix, give meaning of term:
resection
re-,
process of cutting back (in the sense of cutting out)
write the prefix, give meaning of term:
hypoglycemia
hypo-,
condition of deficient (low) sugar in the blood
write the prefix, give meaning of term:
anemia
an-,
condition of low numbers of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or deficient hemoglobin in these cells (notice that the root in this term is “em,” which is shortened from “hem,” meaning blood)
study of the urinary tract
urlogy
study of women and women’s diseases
gynecology
study of blood
hematology
study of tumors
oncology
study of the kidneys
nephrology
study of nerves
neurology
treatment of children
pediatrics
study of x-rays in diagnostic imaging
radiology
study of the eyes
ophthalmology
study of the stomach and intestines
gastroenterology
study of glands that secrete hormones
endocrinology
treatment of the mind
psychiatry
study of disease
pathology
study of the heart
cardiology
give meaning of part in parentheses, define term:
(cerebr)ovascular accident
cerebrum (largest part of the brain);
A cerebrovascular accident, or stroke, is damage to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, leading to death of brain cells.
give meaning of part in parentheses, define term:
(encephal)itis
brain;
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain.
give meaning of part in parentheses, define term:
(cyst)oscope
urinary bladder;
A cystoscope is n instrument used to visually examine the urinary bladder. The cystoscope is inserted into the urethra and urinary bladder.
give meaning of part in parentheses, define term:
(trans)hepatic
accross, through;
Tanshepatic means pertaining to across or through.
give meaning of part in parentheses, define term:
(iatr)ogenic
treatment;
Iatrogenic means pertaining to an adverse side effect produced by treatment.
give meaning of part in parentheses, define term:
(hypo)gastric
under, below, deficient;
Hypogastric means pertaining to below the stomach.
give meaning of part in parentheses, define term:
(endo)crine glands
within;
Endocrine glands secrete hormones within the body. Examples of these are the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.
give meaning of part in parentheses, define term:
nephr(ectomy)
excision or resection;
Nephrectomy is the removal of a kidney.
give meaning of part in parentheses, define term:
(exo)crine glands
outside;
Exocrine glands secrete chemicals to the outside of the body. Examples are the sweat, lacrimal or tear-producing, prostate, and salivary glands.
give meaning of part in parentheses, define term:
neur(algia)
pain;
Neuralgia is nerve pain.
Pamela Crick is 72 years old and suffers from a degenerative joint disaease that is caused by the wearing away of tissue around her joints. This disease, which literally means “inflammation of bones and joints,” is ___.
osteoarthritis
The ___ sample was removed during surgery and sent to a pathologist to be examined under a microscope for a proper diagnosis.
biopsy
A/An ___ performed surgery to remove Mr. Simon’s cancerous kidney.
urologist
a nephrologist is a medical doctor who treats kidney disorders but does not operate on patients
Ms. Rose has suffered from diabetes with hyperglycemia for many years. This condition can lead to long-term complications, such as the disease of nerves called diabetic ___.
neuropothy
A virus or a bacterium produces disease and is therefore a/an ___ organism.
pathogenic
Jordan has a disease caused by abnormal hemoglobin in his erythrocytes. The erythrocytes change shape, collapsing to form sickle-shaped cells that can become clots and stop the flow of blood. His condition is called sicke cell ___.
anemia
Dr. Max Shelby is a physician who treats carcinomas and sarcomas. He is a/an ___.
oncologist
Bill had difficulty stopping the bleeding from a cut on his face while shaving. He knew his medication caused him to have decreased platelets, or a low ___ count, and that probably was the reason his blood was not clotting very well.
thrombocyte
Dr. Susan Parker told Paul that his condition would improve with treatment in a few weeks. She said his ___ is excellent and he can expect total recovery.
prognosis
After fleeing the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, Mrs. Jones had many problems with her job, her husband, and her family relationships. She went to see a ___, who prescribed drugs to treat her depression.
psychiatrist
a psychologist can treat mentally ill patients but is not a medical doctor and cannot prescribe medications
Ms. Brody had a cough and a fever. Her doctor instructed her to go to the ___ department for a chest x-ray examination.
radiology
After she gave birth to her fourth child, Ms. Thompson had problems holding her urine (a condition known as urinary incontinence). She made an appointment with a ___ to evaluate her condition.
urologist
Dr. Monroe told a new mother she had lost much blood during delivery of her child. She had ___ and needed a blood transfusion immediately.
anemia
Mr. Preston was having chest pain during his morning walks. He made an appointment to discuss his new symptom with a ___.
cardiologist
After my skiing accident, Dr. Curtin suggested ___ to visually examine my swollen, painful knee.
arthroscopy
