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CRR Respiratory > 2. Structure and function of the respiratory system > Flashcards

2. Structure and function of the respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 regions make up the respiratory tract?

A
  • Upper respiratory tract

- Lower respiratory tract

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2
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

A
  • Nose
  • Nasal cavity
  • Pharynx
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3
Q

What makes up the lower respiratory tract?

A
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
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4
Q

What 2 compartments make up the nose?

A
  • External nose

- Interal nasal cavity

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5
Q

What cartilage forms the bridge of the nose?

A

Greater alar cartilage

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6
Q

What 2 cartilages and bones make up the external nose?

A
  • Septal cartilage
  • Greater alar cartilage
  • Extensions of frontal & maxillary bones
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7
Q

Term for nostrils

A

Nares

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8
Q

Term for internal nares

A

Choanae

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9
Q

The internal nasal cavity consists of.. (4)

A
  • Nares
  • Interal nares (choanae)
  • Posterior region of the nasal cavity
  • Vestibule (opening)
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10
Q

What is the anterior portion of the nasal septem made from?

A

Cartilage

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11
Q

What is the posterior region of the nasal septem made from?

A

Vomer & ethmoid bone

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12
Q

What is the floor of the nasal cavity is made from?

A

Hard palate

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13
Q

Term for 3 bony ridges in the nasal cavity

A

Conchae

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14
Q

Which side of the nasal cavity are the conchae located?

A

Lateral wall

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the conchae?

A

To filter out impurities

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16
Q

Term for the passage ways between the conchae

A

Meatus

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17
Q

Between which conchae do the openings of the paranasal sinuses exist?

A

Superior and median

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18
Q

Where is the opening of the nasolacrinal duct?

A

Between the median and lower conchae

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19
Q

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule (opening) of the nasal cavity?

A

Stratified squamous

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20
Q

What 2 types of cell line the posterior side of the nasal cavity?

A
  • Goblet cells

- Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells

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21
Q

What type of epithelium lines the superior region of the nasal cavity?

A

Olfactory

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22
Q

Name 3 regions of the pharynx

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
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23
Q

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?

A

Posterior region of the nasopharynx

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24
Q

The nasopharynx contains the openings for which tubes?

A

Auditory/eustachian tubes

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25
Q

Junction point between the GI tract and respiratory tract

A

Oropharynx

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26
Q

Section of the pharynx that extends from the uvula to the epiglottis

A

Oropharynx

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27
Q

What type of epithelium lines the oropharynx?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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28
Q

Immune tissue that contains antigen presenting cells

A

Tonsils

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29
Q

Which region of the pharynx are the tonsils located?

A

Oropharynx

30
Q

There are 2 sets of tonsils. What are their names?

A
  • Palatine

- Lingual

31
Q

Where does the laryngopharynx extend to and from?

A

From the epiglottis to the opening of the oesophagus and larynx

32
Q

How many cartilages is the larynx made from?

A

9

33
Q

How many paired cartilages are there in the larynx?

A

3 pairs

34
Q

What are the names of the unpaired cartilages in the larynx?

A
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Epiglottis
  • Cricoid cartilage
35
Q

Which cartilage is the largest (larynx)?

A

Thyroid

36
Q

Which cartilage is positioned most superiorly in the larynx?

A

Thyroid

37
Q

Which cartilage forms the adam’s apple?

A

Thyroid

38
Q

Which cartilage consists of elastic cartilage and forms a free flap?

A

Epiglottis

39
Q

Which cartilage forms the base of the larynx?

A

Cricoid

40
Q

What are the names of the paired cartilages?

A
  • Arytenoid
  • Corniculate
  • Cuneiform
41
Q

What cartilages are the false vocal cords attached to and in what postion?

A

Posterior region of the arytenoid cartilage and anterior region of the thyroid cartilage.

42
Q

Another term for the false vocal cords

A

Vestibular folds

43
Q

What do the inferior ligaments, attached to the arytenoid cartilage, form?

A

True vocal cords

44
Q

What is the name of the opening between the vocal cords?

A

Glottis

45
Q

How can sounds be modified?

A

Lengthening or shortening the vocal cords

46
Q

Range of c shaped cartilages in the trachea

A

15-20

47
Q

How can the diameter of the trachea be altered?

A

The posterior wall of the trachea contains smooth muscle & ligamentous membrane

48
Q

What muscle contracts as we swallow?

A

Skeletal

49
Q

What bifurcates to form the bronchi?

A

The trachea

50
Q

What bronchi enter the lungs?

A

Secondary bronchi

51
Q

What do bronchi divide into?

A

Bronchioles

52
Q

What type of cells do the bronchi contain?

A

Ciliated/goblet cells

53
Q

What do goblet cells release and why?

A

Mucus, to remove bacteria

54
Q

What organ extends from the diaphragm?

A

The lungs

55
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

56
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

57
Q

What do lobes divide into?

A

Lobules

58
Q

How are lobules separated from one another?

A

Connective tissue

59
Q

How many lobules does the right lung have?

A

10

60
Q

How many lobules does the left lung have?

A

9

61
Q

Where do blood vessels and nerves enter the lungs?

A

Hilum

62
Q

In which organ is the pleura located?

A

Lungs

63
Q

What is the parietal pleura?

A

A serous membrane which touches the inner thoracic wall, diaphragm & mediastinum

64
Q

What is a serous membrane?

A

Tissue which lines the internal cavities, forming a 2 layered membrane

65
Q

What is the visceral pleura?

A

A serous membrane covering the surface of the lung

66
Q

What fluid exists between the visceral and parietal pleura?

A

Pleural fluid

67
Q

2 functions of the pleural fluid

A

1) lubricate during breathing so each pleural membrane can slide past one another
2) Holds plueral membranes together

68
Q

What is the major way blood is supplied to the respiratory system?

A

Pulmonary artery (to the lungs)

69
Q

What blood vessel supplies the bronchi tissue and respiratory bronchioles with blood?

A

Bronchial arteries

70
Q

3 muscles of respiration

A

1) Diaphragm
2) Muscles that elevate the ribs
3) Muscles that depress the ribs

71
Q

Muscles involved in inhalation (6)

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Scalenes
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Serratus anterior
  • External intercostals
  • Diaphragm
72
Q

Muscles involved in exhalation (4)

A
  • Transversus thoracis
  • Internal intercostals
  • Diaphragm
  • Rectus abdominis & other abdominal muscles

CRR Respiratory (3 decks)

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