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CRR Respiratory > 2. Structure and function of the respiratory system > Flashcards

2. Structure and function of the respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 regions make up the respiratory tract?

A
  • Upper respiratory tract

- Lower respiratory tract

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2
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

A
  • Nose
  • Nasal cavity
  • Pharynx
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3
Q

What makes up the lower respiratory tract?

A
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
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4
Q

What 2 compartments make up the nose?

A
  • External nose

- Interal nasal cavity

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5
Q

What cartilage forms the bridge of the nose?

A

Greater alar cartilage

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6
Q

What 2 cartilages and bones make up the external nose?

A
  • Septal cartilage
  • Greater alar cartilage
  • Extensions of frontal & maxillary bones
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7
Q

Term for nostrils

A

Nares

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8
Q

Term for internal nares

A

Choanae

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9
Q

The internal nasal cavity consists of.. (4)

A
  • Nares
  • Interal nares (choanae)
  • Posterior region of the nasal cavity
  • Vestibule (opening)
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10
Q

What is the anterior portion of the nasal septem made from?

A

Cartilage

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11
Q

What is the posterior region of the nasal septem made from?

A

Vomer & ethmoid bone

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12
Q

What is the floor of the nasal cavity is made from?

A

Hard palate

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13
Q

Term for 3 bony ridges in the nasal cavity

A

Conchae

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14
Q

Which side of the nasal cavity are the conchae located?

A

Lateral wall

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the conchae?

A

To filter out impurities

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16
Q

Term for the passage ways between the conchae

A

Meatus

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17
Q

Between which conchae do the openings of the paranasal sinuses exist?

A

Superior and median

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18
Q

Where is the opening of the nasolacrinal duct?

A

Between the median and lower conchae

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19
Q

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule (opening) of the nasal cavity?

A

Stratified squamous

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20
Q

What 2 types of cell line the posterior side of the nasal cavity?

A
  • Goblet cells

- Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells

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21
Q

What type of epithelium lines the superior region of the nasal cavity?

A

Olfactory

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22
Q

Name 3 regions of the pharynx

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
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23
Q

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?

A

Posterior region of the nasopharynx

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24
Q

The nasopharynx contains the openings for which tubes?

A

Auditory/eustachian tubes

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25
Junction point between the GI tract and respiratory tract
Oropharynx
26
Section of the pharynx that extends from the uvula to the epiglottis
Oropharynx
27
What type of epithelium lines the oropharynx?
Stratified squamous epithelium
28
Immune tissue that contains antigen presenting cells
Tonsils
29
Which region of the pharynx are the tonsils located?
Oropharynx
30
There are 2 sets of tonsils. What are their names?
- Palatine | - Lingual
31
Where does the laryngopharynx extend to and from?
From the epiglottis to the opening of the oesophagus and larynx
32
How many cartilages is the larynx made from?
9
33
How many paired cartilages are there in the larynx?
3 pairs
34
What are the names of the unpaired cartilages in the larynx?
- Thyroid cartilage - Epiglottis - Cricoid cartilage
35
Which cartilage is the largest (larynx)?
Thyroid
36
Which cartilage is positioned most superiorly in the larynx?
Thyroid
37
Which cartilage forms the adam's apple?
Thyroid
38
Which cartilage consists of elastic cartilage and forms a free flap?
Epiglottis
39
Which cartilage forms the base of the larynx?
Cricoid
40
What are the names of the paired cartilages?
- Arytenoid - Corniculate - Cuneiform
41
What cartilages are the false vocal cords attached to and in what postion?
Posterior region of the arytenoid cartilage and anterior region of the thyroid cartilage.
42
Another term for the false vocal cords
Vestibular folds
43
What do the inferior ligaments, attached to the arytenoid cartilage, form?
True vocal cords
44
What is the name of the opening between the vocal cords?
Glottis
45
How can sounds be modified?
Lengthening or shortening the vocal cords
46
Range of c shaped cartilages in the trachea
15-20
47
How can the diameter of the trachea be altered?
The posterior wall of the trachea contains smooth muscle & ligamentous membrane
48
What muscle contracts as we swallow?
Skeletal
49
What bifurcates to form the bronchi?
The trachea
50
What bronchi enter the lungs?
Secondary bronchi
51
What do bronchi divide into?
Bronchioles
52
What type of cells do the bronchi contain?
Ciliated/goblet cells
53
What do goblet cells release and why?
Mucus, to remove bacteria
54
What organ extends from the diaphragm?
The lungs
55
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
56
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
57
What do lobes divide into?
Lobules
58
How are lobules separated from one another?
Connective tissue
59
How many lobules does the right lung have?
10
60
How many lobules does the left lung have?
9
61
Where do blood vessels and nerves enter the lungs?
Hilum
62
In which organ is the pleura located?
Lungs
63
What is the parietal pleura?
A serous membrane which touches the inner thoracic wall, diaphragm & mediastinum
64
What is a serous membrane?
Tissue which lines the internal cavities, forming a 2 layered membrane
65
What is the visceral pleura?
A serous membrane covering the surface of the lung
66
What fluid exists between the visceral and parietal pleura?
Pleural fluid
67
2 functions of the pleural fluid
1) lubricate during breathing so each pleural membrane can slide past one another 2) Holds plueral membranes together
68
What is the major way blood is supplied to the respiratory system?
Pulmonary artery (to the lungs)
69
What blood vessel supplies the bronchi tissue and respiratory bronchioles with blood?
Bronchial arteries
70
3 muscles of respiration
1) Diaphragm 2) Muscles that elevate the ribs 3) Muscles that depress the ribs
71
Muscles involved in inhalation (6)
- Sternocleidomastoid - Scalenes - Pectoralis minor - Serratus anterior - External intercostals - Diaphragm
72
Muscles involved in exhalation (4)
- Transversus thoracis - Internal intercostals - Diaphragm - Rectus abdominis & other abdominal muscles

CRR Respiratory (3 decks)

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