Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IX.1. Strategies > 2. Steps: Plant Breeding, SCP, Tissue Culture > Flashcards

2. Steps: Plant Breeding, SCP, Tissue Culture Flashcards

1
Q

Topic - Plant Breeding

A
  • Just read it once
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is the purposeful manipulation of plant species to create desired plant types suitable for better cultivation, better yields, and disease resistance.
T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

______ (Classical/modern) plant breeding involves hybridization of pure lines and artificial selection to produce desirable traits.

A

Classical plant breeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Now molecular genetic tools are used for plant breeding.
T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A desirable trait that breeders have tried to incorporate is increased crop yield.
T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A second desirable trait is increased tolerance to environmental stresses (salinity, extreme temperatures & drought), resistance to pathogens & increased tolerance to insects and pests.
T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Topic - Steps of Breeding

A
  • Steps of breeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The steps for Breeding are:

A
  1. Collection of Genetic variability
  2. Evaluation and selection of parents
  3. Cross-hybridization among the selected parents
  4. Selection & testing of Superior recombinants
  5. Testing, release & commercialization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Topic - Collection of Genetic variability

A
  • Just read it once
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Genetic variability is the root of any breeding program.
T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In many crops, pre-existing genetic variability is available from wild relatives of the crop.
T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

______ & ______ of wild varieties, species, and relatives of the cultivated species is a pre-requisite for the effective exploitation of natural genes.

A

Collection & preservation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The entire collection (of plants/seeds) having all diverse alleles for all genes in a crop is called ______.

A

Germplasm collection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Topic - Evaluation and selection of parents

A
  • Just read it once
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The germplasm is evaluated for identifying plants with desirable characters.
T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Selected plants are multiplied and used for hybridisation.
T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pure lines are created wherever desirable and possible.
T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Topic - Cross-hybridization among the selected parents

A
  • Just read it once
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It is the process in which desired characters are genetically combined from 2 different parents to produce a hybrid plant.
Example.

A

High-protein quality of one parent is combined with disease resistance from another parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

First limitation, it is a very time-consuming and tedious process.
T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Second limitation, hybrids may not combine the desirable characters. Usually, only hundreds to a thousand crosses show the desirable combination.
T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Topic - Selection & testing of Superior recombinants

A
  • Just read it once
23
Q

It is crucial to the success of the breeding objective and requires careful scientific evaluation of the progeny.
T/F

A

True

24
Q

It yields plants that are superior to both of the parents.
T/F

A

True

25
Q

These are self-pollinated for several generations till they reach a state of uniformity (______) so that the characters will not segregate in the progeny

A

Homozygosity

26
Q

Topic - Testing, release & commercialization

A
  • Just read it once
27
Q

The newly selected lines are evaluated for their yield and other agronomic traits of quality, disease resistance, etc.
T/F

A

True

28
Q

This is done by growing them in research and recording their performance under ideal fertilizer application irrigation and other crop management practices.
T/F

A

True

29
Q

The evaluation is followed by testing the materials in farmers’ fields, for ____ growing seasons at several locations in the country, representing all the agroclimatic zones.

A

At least three growing seasons

30
Q

The material is compared to the best available local crop cultivar (reference cultivar).
T/F

A

True

31
Q

Topic - Single Cell Protein

A
  • Examples
  • Spirulina is rich in
  • Spirulina is grown on _ & reduces _ pollution
  • A 250 Kg cow produces
  • Methylophilus Methylotrophus produces _ & have high _
32
Q

It is an alternate source of proteins for animal and human nutrition.
Example.

A

I. Spirulina (Cyanobacteria or Space food)
II. Methylophilus Methylotrophus
III. Mushroom (Fungi, i.e., used as food)

33
Q

Spirulina is rich in protein, minerals, fats, carbohydrates & vitamins.
T/F

A

True

34
Q

Spirulina is grown on materials (like wastewater
from potato processing plants, straw, molasses, animal manure & sewage) reduces ______ pollution.

A

Environmental or water pollution

35
Q

A 250 Kg cow produces ____g of protein/day.

A

200 g of protein/per day

36
Q

In the same period,
____g of Methylophilus methylotrophus produces ___ tonnes of protein.

A

250 g produces 25 tonnes of protein

37
Q

Methylophilus Methylotrophus have high _____ and hence produce high protein.

A

High Biomass

38
Q

Topic - Tissue Culture

A
  • in-vivo/in-vitro
  • Explant
  • Nutritive media provide _
  • Growth regulators like _
  • Totipotency
  • Micropropagation
  • Somaclones
  • Produced _ on a commercial scale
  • Used for recovering _
  • Meristematic tissue
  • Meristem culture of
39
Q

______ is an in-vitro technique of growing plant cells/tissues/organs in special nutrient media under sterile conditions.

A

Tissue culture

40
Q

____ is any part of a plant grown in a test tube.

A

Explant

41
Q

The nutrient medium must provide a carbon source (such as sucrose), inorganic salts, vitamins, amino acids, and growth regulators like ______.

A

Auxins, Cytokinins, etc.

42
Q

The ability to generate a whole plant from any cell/explant is called ______.

A

Totipotency

43
Q

The method of producing thousands of plants in a very short time through tissue culture is called ______.

A

Micropropagation

44
Q

These plants will be genetically identical to the original plant, i.e., they are ______.

A

Somaclones

45
Q

______ are produced on a commercial scale using this method.

A

Tomato, bananas, apples, etc.

46
Q

Tissue culture is also used for recovering healthy plants from diseased plants. Hence, useful for crop improvement.
T/F

A

True

47
Q

Even if the plant is infected with a virus, ______ is free of virus.

A

Meristematic tissue (apical and axillary)

48
Q

_____ from the infected plant is removed and grown ____ (in-vitro/in-vivo) to obtain virus-free plants.

A

Meristem (it will be free of viruses);
in-vitro

49
Q

Scientists have done Meristem culture of-

A

Banana, sugarcane, potato, etc.

50
Q

Topic - Somatic Hybridization

A
  • Fusion of _
  • Digesting the cell wall
  • Somatic hybrids
  • Examples.
51
Q

It is the fusion of ______ from two different varieties of plants (with desirable characteristics) to get hybrid protoplasts.

A

Isolated Protoplasts

52
Q

Protoplasts (surrounded by a plasma membrane) can be isolated after digesting the cell walls of single cells of plants.
T/F

A

True

53
Q

It can be grown to form a new plant called ____.

A

Somatic hybrids

54
Q

Example of Somatic Hybridization.

A

Potato + Tomato = Pomato
(not used commercially because of undesirable characters)

IX.1. Strategies (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions