2: Revolution, 1629-1649 Flashcards
1) What did parliament do in defiance of Charles when he dissolved parliament in 1629?
Held speaker down, put forward Three Resolutions re. tax with parliament, freedom from arrest etc.
2) Name three controversial ways in which Laud tried to change the Anglican Church during the Personal Rule?
- Altar moved to east end and raised
- Stained glass, incense, music ‘beauty of holiness’
- Ended feoffees for impropriations
- Enforced ‘visitations’
- Used Church courts to persecute opponents
3) Name three elements of Charles’ ‘fiscal feudalism’
- Ship Money (inland from 1635)
- Forest fines
- Distraint of Knighthood
- Monopolies
4) By how much did Charles increase his revenue during the Personal Rule?
£600k to £900k
5) What was the response of the Scots Presbyterians to the Arminian Prayer Book of 1637 and why did this bring
down the Personal Rule (2 points)?
- Rioted and rebelled
- Signed Covenant (1638) and engaged in Bishops Wars (1638-1640)
6) Name three ways in which Puritans in England opposed the Personal Rule?
- Published criticisms (Prynne, Burton, Bastwick + Lilburne)
- Refused to pay Ship Money (1637 Hampden)
- Organised emigration (Providence Island)
7) Name at least three ways in which Pym’s Junto challenged royal prerogative in the Long parliament before 1642?
- Triennial Act 1641
- Ten Propositions 1641
- Militia Bill 1641
- Grand Remonstrance 1641
- Attainder against Strafford 1641
8) Describe how the involvement of the ‘London mob’ increased divisions within the political nation?
- Radical pamphlets and political action – threatened Bishops and papists which kept them out of Parliament
and allowed radicals to pass i.e. Grand Remonstrance - Helped polarize the situation
9) How did the Irish revolt of 1641 increase tension between Crown and Parliament?
King linked to Papist revolt and news of atrocities committed (3,000 protestants killed) which confirmed
protestant assumptions about barbarity of Catholics
10) Who were the ‘constitutional royalists’?
Group of more moderate royalists in parliament who had opposed parts of Charles rule in 1640 but was not willing
to take up arms against King
11) Describe the course of the 1st Civil War 1642 with reference to the battles of Turnham Green, Newbury, Marston Moor and Naseby?
King raised standard at Nottingham but despite apparent military advantage early in the war refused to give
battle against the ‘trained bands’ at Turnham Green. The King’s march on London was halted by the Earl of
Essex at Newbury in 1643. By 1644 Parliament had secured the support of the Scots and defeated the Cavaliers
at Marston Moor. In 1645 the majority of the King’s remaining army was wiped out at Naseby and his private
correspondence was seized and published. In 1646 the King surrendered to the Scots
12) Which two taxes did Parliament raise during the Civil War?
Assessment and Excise
13) Which ordinance temporarily resolved the political conflict within the Roundheads and helped create the New
Model Army?
Self-denying Ordinance
14) Why did the New Model Army become focal point for political and religious radicalism (name at least three
reasons)?
- Breakdown of censorship and emergence of new political and religious ideas (Levellers and Putney Debates)
- Wanted to ensure back pay and indemnity refused to them by parliament
- Were recruited from ‘middling sort’ and therefore receptive to new ideas
- They mutinied following first civil war, elected agitators and played a major political role
15) Which proposals were put forward to the King by both Parliament and the Army in 1647 (two marks)?
- Heads of Proposals (army)
- Newcastle Propositions (parliament)
