(2) Renal Embryology (Dennis/Keim) Flashcards
What type of mesoderm produces the urogenital system?
Intermediate mesoderm
The urogenital ridge gives rise to two structures:
Gonadal ridge
Nephrogenic cord
What structure within the primitive urogenital system gives rise to the nephron and ducts?
Nephrogenic cord
What is the correct order for formation of the 3 kidneys?
Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros
What is the definitive kidney?
Metanephros
Describe the development of the pronephros:
What week does it appear?
What structures appear?
Week 4
(Pronephric ducts, Pronephric tubule)
*Note, it appears then degenerates
Describe the development of the Mesonephros:
What week does it appear?
What structures appear?
Functionality?
Week 4
Mesonephric ducts, Mesonephric tubule
Functional kidney, gets remodeled in week 11
Which kidney gets remodeled into male genitalia?
Mesonephros
Describe the development of the Metanephros
What week does it appear?
What structures appear?
Week 5
- Ureteric bud/metanephric duct/metanephric diverticulum *in pelvis
- Metanephrogenic blastema
When does induction of nephrons begin?
During 2nd kidney formation, Mesonephros stage
Weeks 4-11
Bowman’s capsule AND Mesonephric tubules are derived from which germ layer?
Intermediate mesoderm
Describe the signaling events that initiate development of nephrons of the mesonephros
Mesonephric ducts communicates with the nephrogenic cord to form the mesonephric vesicle
The mesoneprhic vesicle fuses with the mesoneprhic duct to form the mesonephric tubule which will continue to elongate
NOW YOU CAN MAKE PEE
Where does the metaneprhos grow out of?
MESONEPHRIC DUCT
What structures come from the ureteric bud?
Ureter
Pelvis
Major/minor calyces
Collecting tubule
What structures come from the metanephric blastema?
Renal vesicles
Bowman’s capsule
Proximal and distal convoluted tubules
Loop of Henle
What forms the major and minor calyces?
Primary ureteric bud bifurcations create the major calyces
Secondary ureteric bud branching create the minor calyces
Further branching patterns beyond the minor calyces gives rise to?
Collecting ducts
What are the two types of renal agenesis?
Unilateral renal agenesis
Bilateral renal agensis
Hallmarks of unilateral renal agenesis?
*Clinically, when should you expect it?
Affects males more than females
Usually no symptoms
Usually left kidney is missing
*Infants with only 1 umbilical artery
Hallmarks of bilateral renal agenesis?
Oligohydraminos
20% of potter sequence patients have renal agenesis
What causes a duplex kidney?
Abnormal division of ureteric bud
What does ascent of the kidneys result from?
Caudal growth of the embryo
*Metanephros start in pelvis, then ascend and rotate 90 degrees during ascent
What are other examples of kidney abormalities we went over in class?
Pelvic kidney
Horseshoe kidney
Accessory renal vessels
Cystic Kidney Diseases
Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
What mutation causes cystic kidney disease?
Mutation in PKHD1 gene
***PROBABLY A TEST QUESTION***
In the adult…
The ureters are coming from?
URETERS ARE ONLY COMING FROM METANEPHRIC DUCT
Bladder is derived from?
Hindgut endoderm
Trigone is derived from?
Mesoderm
The Allantois becomes the _______ which then becomes the ________
Urachus
Median umbilical ligament
What are the 3 regions of the urogenital sinus?
- Vesicle part : bladder
- Pelvis part : urethra(f), prostatic and membranous urethra (m)
- Phallic : lining of vaginal vestibule (f), spongy urethra (m)
Allantois abnormalities:
Clinically what would you see?
Urachal fistula: Urine leaking out of belly button
Urachal cyst
Urachal sinus
What causes ectopic vesicae/extrophy of the bladder
During week 4, body folding
Defective closure of ventral abdominal wall
Exposure of mucosa of the posterior wall of bladder
What is epispadias?
Opening on dorsal side of penis
Medulla of suprarenal gland derived from?
Neural crest
Fetal cortex of the suprarenal glands provides the following hormones:
Pituitary ACTH
Glucocorticoids
Dihydroepiandrosterone (needed to maintain pregnancy)
