2: Processes, Layout and Capacity Flashcards
Processes
A sequence of tasks and decisions which act on inputs to add value and create outputs. Emphasis on how work is done rather what.
Fixed layout
Product stays in one position, workers and equipment come to it.
Process/functional layout
Equipment and operators are arranged by common process, and work travels between them.
Cell layout
Resources for a particular type of product are arranged together in cells.
Product layout
Equipment and operators are arranged in sequence by stages of the work done on the product and the product travels between them.
Process mapping
Used to help analyse and understand a process and to aid its improvement or replacement.
Can show what controls a process, what it produces, what areas it covers and what elements make up the process.
Shows the sequence of activities, flow of information, decision points and the range of possible outcomes.
Presented in the form of a flow diagram.
Level capacity planning
Keeping activity levels constant and ignoring fluctuations in demand.
Chase demand planning
Adjusting activity levels to reflect fluctuations in demand.
Demand management
Trying to smooth high and low periods by changing demand.
Cumulative representations of demand
Plot predicted inventory levels against expected demand.
Highlights areas of slack capacity or excess demand.
Designed capacity
The maximum output which could be achieved in a given time period (in theory).
Ignores time needed for maintenance and setups.
Effective capacity
The maximum output which could be reasonably expected.
Takes into account time needed for maintenance and setups.
Efficiency
Ratio of actual output to effective capacity.
Utilisation
Ratio of actual output to designed capacity.
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)
The relationship between availability, performance and quality.
