[2] PRELIMS | REPRODUCTIVE AND GENDER RELATED DRUGS Flashcards
1
Q
INDICATIONS
- Nutritional supplementation e.g. ____
- Treatment of ____
A
- Nutritional supplementation e.g. iron, vitamins, and minerals
- Treatment of nausea and vomiting, gastric acidity, and mild discomforts
2
Q
THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AND USE OF HERBS
- ____
- ____
- ____
A
- Iron Supplements
- Folic Acid
- Multiple Vitamins
3
Q
IRON SUPPLEMENT
- Used as ____
- ____ the normal amount of iron is needed to meet fetal and maternal daily requirements.
- RDA of Iron: ____ (non-pregnant); ____ (pregnancy)
- Supplemental: ____/ day (at risk)
- Needed only during the ____, the time when fetus begins to store iron.
- Greatest iron demand is during the ____.
A
- Used as hematinic
- Twice the normal amount of iron is needed to meet fetal and maternal daily requirements.
- RDA of Iron: 18 mg (non-pregnant); 27 mg (pregnancy)
- Supplemental: 60-120mg/ day (at risk)
- Needed only during the second trimester, the time when fetus begins to store iron.
- Greatest iron demand is during the third trimester.
3
Q
SAMPLE OF IRON PRODUCTS
- ____ (Fer-ln-Sol, Feosol, Fero-Gradumet. MoMron, Fer-lron)
- ____ (Fergon)
- ____ (Fumasorb, Femiron, Feostat, Fumerin)
A
- Ferrous sulfate (Fer-ln-Sol, Feosol, Fero-Gradumet. MoMron, Fer-lron)
- Ferrous Gluconate (Fergon)
- Ferrous fumarate (Fumasorb, Femiron, Feostat, Fumerin)
4
Q
IRON PHARMACOKINETICS
- Absorption ____ is ____ in intestines
- Increased absorption with ____
- Decreased absorption with ____.
A
- Absorption PO is 5%-30% in intestines
- Increased absorption with ascorbic acid
- Decreased absorption with eggs, milk, coffee, and tea.
5
Q
IRON PHARMACODYNAMICS
- Peak ____ is ____.
- Hemoglobin values ____ in ____.
A
- Peak reticulocytosis is 5-10 days.
- Hemoglobin values increase in 2-4 weeks.
6
Q
SIDE EFFECTS OF IRON SUPPLEMENT
- N____
- V____
- C____
- B____
- E____
- D____
- G____
- D____
A
- Nausea
- VomitinG
- Constipation
- Black or red tarry stools
- Epigastric pain
- Diarrhea
- GI irritation
- Discoloration of urine
7
Q
IRON NURSING IMPLICATIONS
- Absorption is promoted when taken with ____.
- Administer with food if ____ occurs.
- Use ____ when taking the liquid form (e.g. elixir)
- ____ after dose to decrease reflux.
- Administer ____ with drugs like antacids, methyldopa, penicillins, quinolons and tetracyclines.
- Do not administer with ____.
A
- Absorption is promoted when taken with orange juice or other sources of vitamin C
- Administer with food if gastric irritation occurs.
- Use straw when taking the liquid form (e.g. elixir)
- Sit upright 30 min after dose to decrease reflux.
- Administer separately with drugs like antacids, methyldopa, penicillins, quinolons and tetracyclines.
- Do not administer with milk, cereal, tea, coffee or eggs
8
Q
- Also known as Vitamin B9 or Folate
- Improves outcome of pregnancy
A
Folic Acid
9
Q
FOLIC ACID
- Prevents ____ or ____ (e.g., neural tube defects), ____, ____, and premature separation of the placenta (____).
- RDA: ____ and must be acquired from food sources.
- Supplementation: ____ a month before pregnancy and ____ of pregnancy.
A
- Prevents spontaneous abortion or birth defects (e.g., neural tube defects), premature birth, low birth weight, and premature separation of the placenta (abruptio placenta).
- RDA: 180 mcg and must be acquired from food sources.
- Supplementation: 0.4-0.8 mg a month before pregnancy and 2-3 months of pregnancy.
10
Q
FOLIC ACID SIDE EFFECTS
- ____
- Includes: ____, rash, ____, ____, general malaise
- May cause urine to turn ____
A
- Uncommon
- Includes: allergic bronchospasm, rash, pruritus, erythema, general malaise
- May cause urine to turn intense yellow
11
Q
MULTIPLE VITAMINS
- ____ recommended.
- Preparations generally supply vitamins ____, ____, ____, and other minerals.
- Most effective when ____.
- Some can be ____ when taken in large amounts.
A
- Routinely recommended.
- Preparations generally supply vitamins A, D, E, C, B complex (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12), Iron, calcium, and other minerals.
- Most effective when taken with meals.
- Some can be teratogenic or toxic when taken in large amounts.
12
Q
NAUSEA AND VOMITING
- Severe occurrence: ____ (____ occurrence)
- Cause: Increased level of ____, ____, and ____
A
- Severe occurrence: hyperemesis gravidarum (1-3% occurrence)
- Cause: Increased level of hCG, Estrogen and progesterone
13
Q
Also known as morning sickness (88% occurence).
A
Nausea & Vomiting
14
Q
NON-PHARMACOLOGIC MEASURES FOR NVP
- Eating ____ or ____.
- Avoid ____ foods
- ____ (SFF)
- ____ in bet. meals rather than with meals
- Drinking ____ bet. meals
- Eating ____ bedtime snack
- Cessation of ____
- Taking ____ at bedtime
A
- Eating crackers or dry toast.
- Avoid high-fat / highly seasoned foods
- Small Frequent Feeding (SFF)
- Drinking fluids in bet. meals rather than with meals
- Drinking apple juice or flat carbonated drinks bet meals
- Eating high protein bedtime snack
- Cessation of smoking
- Taking iron supplement at bedtime
15
Q
PHARMACOLOGIC TX FOR NAVP
____ (Antivert, Bonamine)
* Blocks ____ which acts on vomiting center.
* Common SE is ____
* Patients should avoid alcoholic beverages, ____, ____.
____ (Phenargan)
* Blocks ____ receptors in the brain.
* SE: ____, ____, ____
A
Meclizine (Antivert, Bonamine)
* Blocks CTZ which acts on vomiting center.
* Common SE is drowsiness
* Patients should avoid alcoholic beverages, tranquilizers, sedatives and narcotics.
Promethazine (Phenargan)
* Blocks post synaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic receptors in the brain.
* SE: Dizziness, drowsiness, excitation
