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Clinical Medicine & Pharmacology II > 2. Pharmacology Review > Flashcards

2. Pharmacology Review Flashcards

PowerPoint #2

1
Q

Define: Pharmacokinetics

A

The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, and eliminates the drug.

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2
Q

Define: Toxicology

A

The study of the harmful effects of chemicals.

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3
Q

Define: Pharmacodynamics

A

The analysis of what the drug does to the body, including the mechanism by which the drug exerts its effect.

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4
Q

Define: Potency

A

Relates to the does that produces a given response in a specific amplitude.

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4
Q

Define: Pharmacogenetics

A

The genetic basis for drug responses, especially variations in drug response from person to person.

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5
Q

What term is used to describe…

“the does that produces a given response in a specific amplitude.”

A

Potency

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6
Q

Define: **Therapeutic Index (TI) **

A

Indicates the overall safety of a drug.

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7
Q

If a drug has a ____ therapeutic index (TI), it is considered a SAFER DRUG.

A

HIGHER TI = SAFER

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8
Q

If a drug has a ____ therapeutic index (TI), it is considered a LESS SAFE DRUG.

A

LOWER TI = LESS SAFE

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9
Q

How do we calculate the *Therapeutic Index (TI) *

A

TI = Lethal Dose / Therapeutic Dose

OR

TI = Toxic Dose / Effective Dose

Both mean the same thing, just different sources.

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10
Q

What are the different “routes” of drug administration?

A
  • Enteral
  • Oral
  • Rectal
  • Parenteral
  • Inhalation
  • Injection
  • Topical
  • Transdermal
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11
Q

Define: Bioavailability

A

The extent to which the drug reaches the systemic circulation.

“A parameter expressed as the percentage of the drug administered that reaches the bloodstream.”

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12
Q

How does the route of drug administration affect bioavailability?

A
  • Drugs ability to cross membrane barriers. (some drigs can and cannot pass through certain barriers)
  • Drug amount that makes it to systemic circulation.
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13
Q

Pertaining discussing drugs and the human body, what are the main “Storage Sites”?

Think about “Long-Term” storage sites.

A
  • Adipose
  • Bones
  • Muscles
  • Organs
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14
Q

Adipose, Bones, Muscles, and Organs are all examples of ________________ when discussing drugs in the body.

A

Storage Sites

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15
Q

What is the process when drugs are being eliminated from the body called?

A

Biotransformation

16
Q

Define: Biotransformation

A

Chemically altering the original compound so that it is no longer active.

17
Q

What bodily organs aid in the elimination of drugs?

A
  • Lungs,
  • Kidneys,
  • GI epithelium
  • skin.
18
Q

What is the PRIMARY organ used to excrete drugs?

A

Kidneys

“The kidneys are the primary sites for drug excretion”

19
Q

Define: Clearance

A

A systemic or single organ’s ability to eliminate the drug

20
Q

What term is used to describe a…

“systemic or single organ’s ability to eliminate the drug”?

A

Clearance

21
Q

Define: Half-Life

A

The amount of time required for 50% of the drug remaining in the body to be eliminated.

22
Q

What term is used to describe…

“The amount of time required for 50% of the drug remaining in the body to be eliminated”

A

Half-Life

23
Q

What different variations can a person have that can alter how they respond to a drug?

A
  • Genetics
  • Disease
  • Drug Interactions
  • Age
  • Diet
  • Gender
  • Social Determinants of health
24
Q

Define: Drug Affinity

A

The amount of attraction between drug and receptors

25
Q

What term is used to describe…

“The amount of attraction between a drug and receptors”

A

Drug Affinity

26
Q

Define: Drug Selectivity

A

A drugs ability to affect only one type of cell of tissue and produce a specific physiolgical response.

27
Q

What term/classification is used to describe…

“ability to affect only one type of cell of tissue and produce a specific physiological response”

A

Drug Selectivity

28
Q

Does a selective drug produce greater or fewer side effects compared to a nonselective drug/agent?

A

Selective drugs = FEWER side effects

29
Q

Regarding Drug Interactions , What is an agonist?

A

A drug that can bind to a receptor and initiate a change in the cell’s function.

  • Affinity
  • Efficacy
30
Q

Regarding Drug Interactions , What is an antagonist?

A

A blocker that occupies the receptor site. They prevent agonistic compunds from having any affect on the cell.

  • “Blockers”
  • Affinity ONLY
31
Q

What is the difference between high affinity and low affinity?

A
  • High Affinity = Highly attracted
  • Low Affinity = Not attracted
32
Q

In regards to “Target Tissue Receptors” and “drug classifications”…

What is A considered?
What is B considered?

A
  • A = Agonist
  • B = Antagonist

Clinical Medicine & Pharmacology II (5 decks)

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