2. Pharmacology Review Flashcards
PowerPoint #2
Define: Pharmacokinetics
The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, and eliminates the drug.
Define: Toxicology
The study of the harmful effects of chemicals.
Define: Pharmacodynamics
The analysis of what the drug does to the body, including the mechanism by which the drug exerts its effect.
Define: Potency
Relates to the does that produces a given response in a specific amplitude.
Define: Pharmacogenetics
The genetic basis for drug responses, especially variations in drug response from person to person.
What term is used to describe…
“the does that produces a given response in a specific amplitude.”
Potency
Define: **Therapeutic Index (TI) **
Indicates the overall safety of a drug.
If a drug has a ____ therapeutic index (TI), it is considered a SAFER DRUG.
HIGHER TI = SAFER
If a drug has a ____ therapeutic index (TI), it is considered a LESS SAFE DRUG.
LOWER TI = LESS SAFE
How do we calculate the *Therapeutic Index (TI) *
TI = Lethal Dose / Therapeutic Dose
OR
TI = Toxic Dose / Effective Dose
Both mean the same thing, just different sources.
What are the different “routes” of drug administration?
- Enteral
- Oral
- Rectal
- Parenteral
- Inhalation
- Injection
- Topical
- Transdermal
Define: Bioavailability
The extent to which the drug reaches the systemic circulation.
“A parameter expressed as the percentage of the drug administered that reaches the bloodstream.”
How does the route of drug administration affect bioavailability?
- Drugs ability to cross membrane barriers. (some drigs can and cannot pass through certain barriers)
- Drug amount that makes it to systemic circulation.
Pertaining discussing drugs and the human body, what are the main “Storage Sites”?
Think about “Long-Term” storage sites.
- Adipose
- Bones
- Muscles
- Organs
Adipose, Bones, Muscles, and Organs are all examples of ________________ when discussing drugs in the body.
Storage Sites
What is the process when drugs are being eliminated from the body called?
Biotransformation
Define: Biotransformation
Chemically altering the original compound so that it is no longer active.
What bodily organs aid in the elimination of drugs?
- Lungs,
- Kidneys,
- GI epithelium
- skin.
What is the PRIMARY organ used to excrete drugs?
Kidneys
“The kidneys are the primary sites for drug excretion”
Define: Clearance
A systemic or single organ’s ability to eliminate the drug
What term is used to describe a…
“systemic or single organ’s ability to eliminate the drug”?
Clearance
Define: Half-Life
The amount of time required for 50% of the drug remaining in the body to be eliminated.
What term is used to describe…
“The amount of time required for 50% of the drug remaining in the body to be eliminated”
Half-Life
What different variations can a person have that can alter how they respond to a drug?
- Genetics
- Disease
- Drug Interactions
- Age
- Diet
- Gender
- Social Determinants of health
Define: Drug Affinity
The amount of attraction between drug and receptors
What term is used to describe…
“The amount of attraction between a drug and receptors”
Drug Affinity
Define: Drug Selectivity
A drugs ability to affect only one type of cell of tissue and produce a specific physiolgical response.
What term/classification is used to describe…
“ability to affect only one type of cell of tissue and produce a specific physiological response”
Drug Selectivity
Does a selective drug produce greater or fewer side effects compared to a nonselective drug/agent?
Selective drugs = FEWER side effects
Regarding Drug Interactions , What is an agonist?
A drug that can bind to a receptor and initiate a change in the cell’s function.
- Affinity
- Efficacy
Regarding Drug Interactions , What is an antagonist?
A blocker that occupies the receptor site. They prevent agonistic compunds from having any affect on the cell.
- “Blockers”
- Affinity ONLY
What is the difference between high affinity and low affinity?
- High Affinity = Highly attracted
- Low Affinity = Not attracted
In regards to “Target Tissue Receptors” and “drug classifications”…
What is A considered?
What is B considered?
- A = Agonist
- B = Antagonist
