2. Organisation of the Organism

Question 1

Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell

Answer 1

Both cells consists of:
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
However only plant cells have:
- Cell Wall
- Chloroplasts
- Permanent Vacuoles

Question 2

Describe the structure of a bacterial cell

Answer 2

They consist of:
1. Cell wall
2. Cell membrane
3. Cytoplasm
4. Ribosomes
5. Circular DNA
6. Plasmids

Question 3

State the function of the Nucleus

Answer 3

Contains the DNA which controls the activities of the cell

Question 4

State the function of Cytoplasm

Answer 4

• Supports the internal structures of the cell
• The site of many chemical reactions

Question 5

State the function of Cell Membrane

Answer 5

• Holds the cell together separating the inside of the cell from the outside
• Controls which substances enter or leave the cell

Question 6

State the function of Ribosomes

Answer 6

The site of protein synthesis

Question 7

State the function of Mitochondria

Answer 7

The site of aerobic respiration

Question 8

State the function of the Cell Wall

Answer 8

Gives the cell extra support, defining its shape

Question 9

State the function of Chloroplasts

Answer 9

Contains the green chlorophyll pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Question 10

State the function of Permanent Vacuoles in plant cells

Answer 10

• Contains cell sap: a solution of sugar and salt
• Used for storage of certain materials
• Helps to support the shape of the cell

Question 11

How are new cells produced?

Answer 11

New cells are produced by division of
existing cells

Question 12

State the function of Ciliated Cells

Answer 12

Move mucus and trapped dust in the trachea/bronchi
- Cilia beat: ↑ mitochondria

Question 13

State the function of Neurons

Answer 13

Transport electrical nerve signals
- Long thin axon and dendrites

Question 14

State the function of Red Blood Cells

Answer 14

Transport oxygen
- Biconcave shape: ↑ surface area
- No nucleus: ↑ haemoglobin

Question 15

State the function of Sperm Cell

Answer 15

Reproduction
- Flagellum to swim
- ↑ mitochondria

Question 16

State the function of Ovum

Answer 16

Reproduction
- Large: easy to find
- ↑ cytoplasm: Energy store/nutrients

Question 17

State the function of Palisade Mesophyll Cell

Answer 17

Absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
- ↑ chlorophyll

Question 18

State the function of Root Hair Cells

Answer 18

Absorption of water and mineral ions
- Long extension: ↑ surface area

Question 19

State the function of Xylem Vessels

Answer 19

Support and conduct water through the plant
- Dead and hollow cells with no end walls
- Lignin: Strengthen cells

Question 20

Describe the meaning of Cell

Answer 20

Basic functional and structural units in a living organism

Question 21

Describe the meaning of Tissue

Answer 21

Group of cells of similar structure working together to perform the same function

Question 22

Describe the meaning of Organ

Answer 22

Made from different tissues working together to perform specific functions

Question 23

Describe the meaning of Organ System

Answer 23

Group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions

Question 24

State the formula for Magnification

Answer 24

Magnification = Image Size ÷ Actual Size

Question 25

Convert measurements between
millimetres (mm) and micrometres (μm)

Answer 25

• Millimetres (mm) → Micrometres (μm): x1000
• Ensure that actual size and image size of the image share the same unit
• Magnification has no units