2 MIDERM 1 Flashcards
Chlorophyta
Green algae, Cholophyll a and b, ancestors of land plants, least abundant
Phodophyta
Red algae, most abundant, chlorophyll and phycobilins
Phaeophyta
Brown algae, chlorophyll and Fucoxanthin
Fucoxanthin
Phaeophyta (Brown) secondary pigment
Phycobilins
Phodophyta (Red) secondary pigment
Epiphytic
Overgrowth. Grows on the seagrass, invasive species, causes the seagrass to become brittle
Rhizomes
Seagrasses propagate by:
Trichodesium
Cyanobacteria. nutrient-poor waters. Pink/organge streaks. Charles Darwin
Synechoccus
Cyanobacteria. One of most abundant phytoplankton taxa. Sig. portion of total PP. 1970s
Prochloroccocus.
Cyanobacteria. Smallest. Maybe most abundant. Half of total PP. 1980s
Nanoflagellates
Eukaryotic. Can be mixotrophic. Play a key ecological role as heterotrophs
Trochophore
- Functional digestive system
* Locomotory bands of cilia - Larval bivalve developmental stages
Veliger:
- Has a rudimentary shell and foot
* Larval bivalve developmental stages
Chaetognatha
Arrow worms, * Found in all oceans, hermaphroditic, carnivores
Class Appendicularians
- Also called the larvaceans or pelagic tunicates
- Suspension feeders
- Secrete a mucous house to suspension feed
Chordates
- Secrete a mucous house to suspension feed
Order Salpida
- Called the Salps
- Order Siphonophores:
- Colonies of hydroids
- Called Zooids
Phylum Cnidaria - Arranged in a linear structure, ordered by specific function
- Distributed throughout the worlds oceans
- Portugese Man o’ War
- Called Zooids
The polyp:
- Bulbous feature surrounded by tentacles
* Used in food capture
* Polyps produce Hydromedusa by asexual budding
Pinnipeds:
- Walruses;
* Sea lions and fur seals;
* Seals; - Are fin-footed
- Posses flippers
- Are excellent swimmer
Family Otariidae:
Sea Lions, Fur Seals, Wallruses
* Not true seals * External ears * Flexible flippers * Pelvis can rotate * Longer necks * Use front flippers for propulsion * More agile on land
Family Phocidae:
The true seals
Cetaceans
Odontocetesare the toothed whales;
Odontocetesare
the toothed whales;
* Toothed whales are adaptable and intelligent pursuit predators.
Sperm whales
use echolocation to detect prey
Mysticetes
are the baleen whales
Sediment straining
Grey whales
poikilotherms
ectotherms
Sea turtle species (7)
- Green
* Hawksbill
* Loggerhead
* Kemp’s ridley
* Olive ridley
* Flatback
* Leatherback
Arribada
Spanish word arrival of turtles
Homeotherms
endotherms
Preen gland
Oily feathers maintained with
kleptoparasitism
Stealing (Svanging birds)
Agnathans
Jawless fish (Lamprays and hagfish)
Gnathostomata:
Jawed fish
* Class Chondrichthyes * Clade Osteichthyes
Class Chondrichthyes
Catiliginous fish
* Articulated jaws (Open and close) * Paired fins * Denticles (Scale like structures)
The Chimaeras
Upper jaw is fused to head
* Deep sea
- The Elasmobranchsi
sharks
Spiracles
hole in shark head
Clade Osteichthyes
Boney fish
Sarcopterygii: Lobe-finned fishes
Lungfish
* Primitive Coelacanth 1930s
Cadual pendunca
attaches tail to the body in Ray finned fish
Actinopterygii: Ray-finned fishes
Ray-finned fishes
have fin spines
- Have scales instead of denticles
- Have operculum that protects their gill slits
- Many have homocercal tails
Buccal cavity
Allows them not to have to move SHrks
Anguilliform fishes
Are manoeuvrable, but slow
* Vibrate entier body
Thunniform fishes
- Are fast and efficient, but less manoeuvrable
* Virbrate tail with strong mussels
School vs shoal vs pod
- Schools: respond systematically to the approach of a predator, swim in same direction
* Shoals: Social fish, stay together
* Pod: More close togther
Gill rakers
help planktivores sieve phytoplankton form water flowing over their gills
Recruitment:
number of fish that survive to a certain age, is a key concern of fisheries managers
Anadromous:
Young in freshwater, adult in sea water
Catadromous:
Young in sea water, adult in fresh water (Starts with a Sea)
desiccation
lack of moisture (Ploycheates tolerate)
Ophiuroidea:
Brittle stars
Echinoidea:
Sea urchins
Crinoidea:
Sea lilies
- Class Decapoda
- Shrimps, crabs and lobsters belong to the
Evolutionary boundary between vertebrates and invertebrates
- Sea squirts (phylum Chordata) are tunicates (class Ascidiacea)
- lass maxillopoda
Barnacles