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Oceans > 2 MIDERM 1 > Flashcards

2 MIDERM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chlorophyta

A

Green algae, Cholophyll a and b, ancestors of land plants, least abundant

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2
Q

Phodophyta

A

Red algae, most abundant, chlorophyll and phycobilins

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3
Q

Phaeophyta

A

Brown algae, chlorophyll and Fucoxanthin

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4
Q

Fucoxanthin

A

Phaeophyta (Brown) secondary pigment

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5
Q

Phycobilins

A

Phodophyta (Red) secondary pigment

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6
Q

Epiphytic

A

Overgrowth. Grows on the seagrass, invasive species, causes the seagrass to become brittle

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7
Q

Rhizomes

A

Seagrasses propagate by:

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8
Q

Trichodesium

A

Cyanobacteria. nutrient-poor waters. Pink/organge streaks. Charles Darwin

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9
Q

Synechoccus

A

Cyanobacteria. One of most abundant phytoplankton taxa. Sig. portion of total PP. 1970s

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10
Q

Prochloroccocus.

A

Cyanobacteria. Smallest. Maybe most abundant. Half of total PP. 1980s

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11
Q

Nanoflagellates

A

Eukaryotic. Can be mixotrophic. Play a key ecological role as heterotrophs

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12
Q

Trochophore

A
  • Functional digestive system
    * Locomotory bands of cilia
  • Larval bivalve developmental stages
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13
Q

Veliger:

A
  • Has a rudimentary shell and foot

* Larval bivalve developmental stages

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14
Q

Chaetognatha

A

Arrow worms, * Found in all oceans, hermaphroditic, carnivores

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15
Q

Class Appendicularians

A
  • Also called the larvaceans or pelagic tunicates
  • Suspension feeders
    • Secrete a mucous house to suspension feed
      Chordates
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16
Q

Order Salpida

A
  • Called the Salps
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17
Q
  • Order Siphonophores:
A
  • Colonies of hydroids
    • Called Zooids
      Phylum Cnidaria
    • Arranged in a linear structure, ordered by specific function
    • Distributed throughout the worlds oceans
    • Portugese Man o’ War
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18
Q

The polyp:

A
  • Bulbous feature surrounded by tentacles
    * Used in food capture
    * Polyps produce Hydromedusa by asexual budding
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19
Q

Pinnipeds:

A
  • Walruses;
    * Sea lions and fur seals;
    * Seals;
  • Are fin-footed
  • Posses flippers
  • Are excellent swimmer
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20
Q

Family Otariidae:

A

Sea Lions, Fur Seals, Wallruses

* Not true seals 
* External ears
* Flexible flippers
* Pelvis can rotate
* Longer necks
* Use front flippers for propulsion
* More agile on land
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21
Q

Family Phocidae:

A

The true seals

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22
Q

Cetaceans

A

Odontocetesare the toothed whales;

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23
Q

Odontocetesare

A

the toothed whales;
* Toothed whales are adaptable and intelligent pursuit predators.
Sperm whales
use echolocation to detect prey

24
Q

Mysticetes

A

are the baleen whales

25
Q

Sediment straining

A

Grey whales

26
Q

poikilotherms

A

ectotherms

27
Q

Sea turtle species (7)

A
  • Green
    * Hawksbill
    * Loggerhead
    * Kemp’s ridley
    * Olive ridley
    * Flatback
    * Leatherback
28
Q

Arribada

A

Spanish word arrival of turtles

29
Q

Homeotherms

A

endotherms

30
Q

Preen gland

A

Oily feathers maintained with

31
Q

kleptoparasitism

A

Stealing (Svanging birds)

32
Q

Agnathans

A

Jawless fish (Lamprays and hagfish)

33
Q

Gnathostomata:

A

Jawed fish

* Class Chondrichthyes 
* Clade Osteichthyes
34
Q

Class Chondrichthyes

A

Catiliginous fish

    * Articulated jaws (Open and close)
    * Paired fins 
    * Denticles (Scale like structures)
35
Q

The Chimaeras

A

Upper jaw is fused to head

* Deep sea

36
Q
  • The Elasmobranchsi
A

sharks

37
Q

Spiracles

A

hole in shark head

38
Q

Clade Osteichthyes

A

Boney fish

39
Q

Sarcopterygii: Lobe-finned fishes

A

Lungfish

* Primitive Coelacanth 1930s

40
Q

Cadual pendunca

A

attaches tail to the body in Ray finned fish

41
Q

Actinopterygii: Ray-finned fishes

A

Ray-finned fishes
have fin spines
- Have scales instead of denticles
- Have operculum that protects their gill slits
- Many have homocercal tails

42
Q

Buccal cavity

A

Allows them not to have to move SHrks

43
Q

Anguilliform fishes

A

Are manoeuvrable, but slow

* Vibrate entier body

44
Q

Thunniform fishes

A
  • Are fast and efficient, but less manoeuvrable

* Virbrate tail with strong mussels

45
Q

School vs shoal vs pod

A
  • Schools: respond systematically to the approach of a predator, swim in same direction
    * Shoals: Social fish, stay together
    * Pod: More close togther
46
Q

Gill rakers

A

help planktivores sieve phytoplankton form water flowing over their gills

47
Q

Recruitment:

A

number of fish that survive to a certain age, is a key concern of fisheries managers

48
Q

Anadromous:

A

Young in freshwater, adult in sea water

49
Q

Catadromous:

A

Young in sea water, adult in fresh water (Starts with a Sea)

50
Q

desiccation

A

lack of moisture (Ploycheates tolerate)

51
Q

Ophiuroidea:

A

Brittle stars

52
Q

Echinoidea:

A

Sea urchins

53
Q

Crinoidea:

A

Sea lilies

54
Q
  • Class Decapoda
A
  • Shrimps, crabs and lobsters belong to the
55
Q

Evolutionary boundary between vertebrates and invertebrates

A
  • Sea squirts (phylum Chordata) are tunicates (class Ascidiacea)
56
Q
  • lass maxillopoda
A

Barnacles

Oceans (4 decks)

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