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[OS 217] Infectious Diseases > [2] Microbiology of Fungi and Opportunistic Pathogens > Flashcards

[2] Microbiology of Fungi and Opportunistic Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Distribution of Candida spp.

A

Saprophytes in Humans nad Animals

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2
Q

Candida exists in what form in body tissue?

A

Yeast and Mold Form (Pseudohyphae)

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3
Q

What is the typical agar used to culture Candida?

A

Sabaroud Dextrose Agar

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4
Q

Color of Candida colonies?

A

White to Cream Colored with a smooth, waxy surface

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5
Q

[Treatment]

Candida: Superficial Infections

A

Topical nystatin and Azoles

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6
Q

[Treatment]

Candida albicans

A

Oral Fluconazole

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7
Q

[Treatment]

Candida: other groups

A

Amphotericin B

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8
Q

Important feature to distinguish Cryptocococcus gattii from C. neoformans

A

Formation of Cryptococcomas
Higher mortality
Longer treatment period

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9
Q

Cryptocococcus neoformans is usually found in?

A

Pigeon droppings

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10
Q

Cryptocococcus gattii is usually found in?

A

Eucalyptus trees (but is found worldwide, go figure)

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11
Q

Pathway of Pathogenesis of Cryptococcus

A

Inhaled Yeast -> Primary Pulmonary Infection -> Asymptomatic Dormant -> Brain (Most common site of dissemination)

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12
Q

[Characteristics]

Cryptococcus

A

Encapsulated, yeast-like

Reproduce by budding

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13
Q

[Laboratory Diagnosis: Microscopic Examination]

Cryptococcus

A

India Ink Mount

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14
Q

[Laboratory Diagnosis: Culture]

Cryptococcus

A

Sabouraud Agar without Cyclohexidine (it can kill the organism and prevent growth)

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15
Q

[Laboratory Diagnosis: Definitive Test]

Cryptococcus

A

(+) CSF Culture

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16
Q

[Treatment]

Cryptococcus: Mild to Moderate CNS Infections

A

Fluconazole

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17
Q

[Treatment]

Cryptococcus: Meningitis

A

Amphotericin B in combination with Flucytosine or Fluconazole

18
Q

Most common species of Aspergillus causing invasive disease

A

Aspergillus fumigates

Aspergillus flavus

19
Q

Most common species of Aspergillus causing allergic disease

A

Aspergillus fumigates

Aspergillus clavatus

20
Q

Most common route of infection of Aspergillus

A

Respiratory Tract (Paranasal Sinus and Lungs)

21
Q

Species of Aspergillus linked to production of aflatoxin

A

Aspergillus flavus (Commonly found in peanuts)

22
Q

[Identify]

Septate hyphae
Dichotomous hyphae
Spores
Acute angle branching

A

Aspergillus

23
Q

[Laboratory Diagnosis: Microscopic Examination]

Aspergillus

A

10% KOH and Parker Ink

24
Q

[Laboratory Diagnosis: Culture]

Aspergillus

A

Sabouraud Agar

25
Q

[Laboratory Diagnosis: Serology]

Aspergillus: Allergy

A

Detection of specific IgE in Serum: RAST

26
Q

[Laboratory Diagnosis: Serology]

Aspergillus: Invasive Infection

A

Detection of Galactomannan Antigen in Serum: ELISA

27
Q

Etiologic Agents of Systemic Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis)

A

Zygomycetes

28
Q

[Laboratory Diagnosis: Microscopic Examination]

Zygomycetes

29
Q

[Identify]

Broad, irregularly shaped, non-septated Hyphae
Right angle branching

A

Zygomycetes

30
Q

[Laboratory Diagnosis: Culture]

Zygomycetes

A

Sabouraud’s Agar without Cyclohexamide

31
Q

[Treatment]

Zygomycetes

A

Surgery + Antifungals

  1. Drainage and debridement
  2. Amphotericin B
32
Q

Most common opportunistic mycoses in HIV

A

Pneumocystis carinii

33
Q

Most common fungal meningitis in HIV

A

Cryptococcosis

34
Q

[Laboratory Diagnosis: Culture]

Pneumocystis carinii

A

Has not yet been cultured in labs

35
Q

3 Distinct Morphologic Stages of Pneumocystis carinii

A

Trophozoite
Sporozoite
Cyst

36
Q

[Pathogenesis]

Pneumocystis carinii

A

Inhaled spores are deposited in alveoli -> Increase in number -> Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia -> Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

37
Q

[Treatment]

Pneumocystis carinii

A

Trimethoprim

38
Q

[Identification]

Dichotomous septate hyphae
Asexual fruiting structure

A

Aspergillosis

39
Q

[Identification]

India Ink: Encapsulated Yeast

A

Cryptococcus

40
Q

[Identification]

Budding yeast
Septate hyphae
Pseudohyphae

[OS 217] Infectious Diseases (20 decks)

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