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Food Microbiology > (2) Microbial Diversity: Bacteria, Archaea, and Virus > Flashcards

(2) Microbial Diversity: Bacteria, Archaea, and Virus Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 domain system

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

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2
Q

what are the 6 kingdom system

A

bacteria, archaea, protista, plantae, fungi, animalia

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3
Q

what are the shapes of bacteria?

A

cocci (circular), baccili (rod-shaped), and others

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4
Q

bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

prokaryotic

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5
Q

what are the similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

they have plasma membrane, they have cytoplasm, they have DNA, and they have ribosomes

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6
Q

what are the internal structure of bacterial cell

A

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleoid, plasmid, chromosomes

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7
Q

what are the external structure of bacterial cell

A

flagella, fimbriae, pili, glycolax, cell wall

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8
Q

define nucleoid

A

a closed loop, double stranded, supercoiled DNA

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9
Q

define plasmid

A

plasmid is an additional small, circular, double stranded DNA that’s not part of the main chromosome

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10
Q

what kind of gene is contained in plasmid

A

gene that encodes for toxins or resistance of antibiotics that’s passed from cell to cell

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11
Q

define ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

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12
Q

unit for measuring ribosome

A

svedberg unit (S)

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13
Q

difference between prokaryotic ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes

A

prokaryotic ribosomes are 70s while eukaryotic ribosomes are 80s

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14
Q

what is a polyribosome

A

a chain of ribosomes attached to the same molecule of mRNA

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15
Q

what is phospolipids comprised of

A

phospolipid bilayer contains hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head

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16
Q

mention some proteins that are present in the phospolipid bilayer

A

integral protein, channel protein, peripheral protein, glycoprotein, etc.

17
Q

what is bacterial cell wall made of

A

peptidoglycan

18
Q

different between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

A

gram-positive have thicker peptidoglycan cell wall while gram-negative bacteria have thinner cell wall

19
Q

when stained, what color does gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria show?

A

gram-positive show blue or purple. gram-negative show red or pink.

20
Q

define flagella

A

flagella is a whip-like structure for motility in bacterial cell.

21
Q

what is chemotaxis

A

a movement response to chemical stimuli

22
Q

phototaxis

A

a movement response to light stimuli

23
Q

magnetotaxis

A

a movement in response to magnetic field lines

24
Q

when do bacteria produce endospores?

A

in situations where they cant replicate (starvation)

25
Q

why are endospores so hard to kill

A

endospores can tolerate high or low temprature and acidic and basic conditions, even radition

26
Q

endospores are made by gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria?

A

gram-positive bacteria

27
Q

what are the coating on endospores?

A

the coat are composed of calcium and dipicolinic acid, to stabilize the DNA within the cell

28
Q

mention some difference between archaea and bacteria

A
  • archea doesnt have peptidoglycan cell wall
  • its membrane is monolayer
  • difference in ribosomal RNA
  • archaea can survive in extreme environments
  • photosynthesis doesnt involve chlorophyll
29
Q

what is halophiles

A

organisms that lives in a very salty conditions

30
Q

what is methanogens

A

organisms that live in an extreme environement (high in methane)

31
Q

what is thermoacidophiles

A

organisms that prefer acidic and high temprature environments

32
Q

what is a virus

A

virus is an infectious microbes that contains nucleid acid (DNA/RNA) head coated with a protein.

33
Q

what are the shapes of virus

A

rod-shaped (helical), spherical (icosahedral), complex (binal)

Food Microbiology (8 decks)

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