(2) Microbial Diversity: Bacteria, Archaea, and Virus Flashcards
what are the 3 domain system
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
what are the 6 kingdom system
bacteria, archaea, protista, plantae, fungi, animalia
what are the shapes of bacteria?
cocci (circular), baccili (rod-shaped), and others
bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
prokaryotic
what are the similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
they have plasma membrane, they have cytoplasm, they have DNA, and they have ribosomes
what are the internal structure of bacterial cell
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleoid, plasmid, chromosomes
what are the external structure of bacterial cell
flagella, fimbriae, pili, glycolax, cell wall
define nucleoid
a closed loop, double stranded, supercoiled DNA
define plasmid
plasmid is an additional small, circular, double stranded DNA that’s not part of the main chromosome
what kind of gene is contained in plasmid
gene that encodes for toxins or resistance of antibiotics that’s passed from cell to cell
define ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
unit for measuring ribosome
svedberg unit (S)
difference between prokaryotic ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes
prokaryotic ribosomes are 70s while eukaryotic ribosomes are 80s
what is a polyribosome
a chain of ribosomes attached to the same molecule of mRNA
what is phospolipids comprised of
phospolipid bilayer contains hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head
mention some proteins that are present in the phospolipid bilayer
integral protein, channel protein, peripheral protein, glycoprotein, etc.
what is bacterial cell wall made of
peptidoglycan
different between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
gram-positive have thicker peptidoglycan cell wall while gram-negative bacteria have thinner cell wall
when stained, what color does gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria show?
gram-positive show blue or purple. gram-negative show red or pink.
define flagella
flagella is a whip-like structure for motility in bacterial cell.
what is chemotaxis
a movement response to chemical stimuli
phototaxis
a movement response to light stimuli
magnetotaxis
a movement in response to magnetic field lines
when do bacteria produce endospores?
in situations where they cant replicate (starvation)
why are endospores so hard to kill
endospores can tolerate high or low temprature and acidic and basic conditions, even radition
endospores are made by gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria?
gram-positive bacteria
what are the coating on endospores?
the coat are composed of calcium and dipicolinic acid, to stabilize the DNA within the cell
mention some difference between archaea and bacteria
- archea doesnt have peptidoglycan cell wall
- its membrane is monolayer
- difference in ribosomal RNA
- archaea can survive in extreme environments
- photosynthesis doesnt involve chlorophyll
what is halophiles
organisms that lives in a very salty conditions
what is methanogens
organisms that live in an extreme environement (high in methane)
what is thermoacidophiles
organisms that prefer acidic and high temprature environments
what is a virus
virus is an infectious microbes that contains nucleid acid (DNA/RNA) head coated with a protein.
what are the shapes of virus
rod-shaped (helical), spherical (icosahedral), complex (binal)
