2. memory msm, stm, ltm

Question 1

duration of stm experiment aim

Answer 1

to examine how long information would remain in the stm without rehearsal.

Question 2

method of duration of stm experiment

Answer 2

presented with trig rams, 3 consonants. trig rams then removed and participants were given a dis tractor task, lasting 3-18 seconds.

• asked to repeat the trig rams serially
• different trigrams used each time

Question 3

reasoning behind method of duration of stm

Answer 3

• different trigrams, so that could not practice rehearsal as no repetition
• no vowels= pseudowords, make much easier to remember
• given a distracter task so that can not have time to remember the trigram

Question 4

results of method of duration of stm

Answer 4

participants could recall 80% of trigrams after 3 seconds by 18 seconds 2%

Question 5

multi-store method of memory

Answer 5

atkinson and shiffin 1968

• 5 senses goes into sensory register
• 95% unimportant info dumped
• if attention given to that in sensory register, goes to the stm which actively processes information, unimportant dumped
• when doing maintenance rehearsal goes back into stm
• if retrieve enough times from stm goes into ltm, where all information treated equally.
• based on computer models, sequential process

Question 6

sensory register

Answer 6

place where information is held at each of the senses, the capacity of these receptors is very large and constantly receiving information, most very brief duration.
capacity= unlimited
duration=500m/s
encoding=modality based

Question 7

explanation of modality based in the sensory register

Answer 7

1. icenic=sight
2. echonic-sound
3. haptic-touch

Question 8

attention

Answer 8

if focused on one of the sensory stores, then the data is transferred to stm. attention is first step in remembering something.

Question 9

short term memory( stm)

Answer 9

info held in stm so can be used for immediate tasks. has a limited duration, and decays if it inst rehearsed. also disappear if new information enters stm, pushing out or displacing the original information.

capacity= 7 +/- 2 , jacobs/muller experiment on digit span technique
duration= up to 30 sec peterson trigrams
encoding=

Question 10

maintenance rehersal

Answer 10

repetition keeps information in stm but eventually such repetition will create a long term memory ltm. proposed a direct relationship

Question 11

long term memory (ltm)

Answer 11

potentially unlimited in duration and capacity. evidence suggests either made not permanent or cant find it.

capacity=potentially unlimited
duration= potentially unlimited
encoding=
-no feasible way of testing it

Question 12

process of displacement

Answer 12

later information pushes out the previous

Question 13

jaacobs 18887 digit span technique method

Answer 13

participants recall strings of digits in presentation order, the numbers of digits increase until the participants can no longer recall them correctly, which may measure average capacity of stm.

Question 14

results of jacobs

Answer 14

average capacity of 9.3 for digits and 7.3 for letters

Question 15

muller 1956 conclusion

Answer 15

can hold about seven items inn stm but ranges from 5 to 9

- can increase if chunk information together, even more so if we can apply meaning to it

Question 16

simon 1974

Answer 16

span of chunks depends of amount of information contained in the chunks.