2. memory

Question 1

linear model

Answer 1

information is shown to flow through the system in one direction

Question 2

passive stores

Answer 2

the stores hold on to information before being passed on or lost

Question 3

coding

Answer 3

the different types/formats the brain uses to store memory

Question 4

capacity

Answer 4

how much information can be held by a store

Question 5

duration

Answer 5

how long information can be held in that store for before loss

Question 6

sensory register

Answer 6

the store is not under cognitive control like short-term memory (STM) or long-term memory (LTM). sensory information coming from the senses is detected and recorded automatically. all informatiin found in the short term or long term memory stores were initially gathered by the sensory register. information is passed on to STM by paying attention

Question 7

coding (sensory register)

Answer 7

― store depends on the sense organ that the information comes from
― iconic = vision / echoic = sound / haptic = touch / gustatory = taste / olfactory = smell

Question 8

capacity (sensory register)

Answer 8

― very large, has to contain all the sense impressions for all the senses in the moment. however, only what is paid attention to is passed to the STM

Question 9

duration (sensory register)

Answer 9

― very short, as low as 250 milliseconds. as so much information is held, it cannot be retained for very long. however, each store has a different duration

Question 10

short term memory

Answer 10

short term memory receives information from the sensory register by paying attention
― STM passes information to LTM through rehearsal. this is either maintenance rehearsal (repeating the information) or elaborative rehearsal (linking to information already in LTM)
― information is passed back from retrieval, and information can be lost via displacement (new info) or decay (lost over time)

Question 11

coding (short term memory)

Answer 11

information in short term memory is stored acoustically (in the form of sound / spoken words)

Question 12

capacity (short term memory)

Answer 12

Miller suggested this is small, approximately 5 to 9 items and can be improved by chunking (making small sets/groups of items) which reduces the number of items overall

Question 13

duration (short term memory)

Answer 13

short, 18 to 30 seconds. however, duration of information can be extended by verbal rehearsal