2. KOLOKVIJ Flashcards
On the mainland, Central Dalmatia starts at… and ends at…
Rogoznica, Gradac
Name 4 natural attractions in Central Dalmatia
Biokovo Nature Park, Mount Marjan, Cetina River, Zlatni Rat beach on Brač
What are the top 3 cultural attractions in Central Dalmatia?
Old town of Trogir, Diocletian’s Palace, Salona
Write five sentences about Trogir
UNESCO World Heritage site since 1997, is a historic city located on the Adriatic coast. The city is renowned for its well-preserved city walls and gates dating back to the 13th century. The Cathedral of St. Lawrence is the main attraction, famous for its stunning Portal created by Master Radovan, a masterpiece of Romanesque architecture. Pope John Paul II Square, located nearby, features the City Hall, City Loggia, and the Clock Tower from the 15th century, which also served as a courthouse in the past. The Kamerlengo Fortress, stands as a testament to the city’s strategic importance during the medieval period.
When and where was Salona founded?
It was founded in antiquity, around the 3rd century BC, near the mouth of the Jadro River, northeast of modern-day Split. It became the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia and a significant centre of Roman culture and power
What can we see in Salona today?
Important ancient remains, such as:
The Roman Amphitheatre – A large arena where gladiator games and other public events were held.
The Baths – Remains of Roman public baths, showcasing the Roman architectural style.
The City Walls and Gates – Parts of the ancient city’s defensive walls and gates are still visible.
The Early Christian Basilica – A Christian church built on the site of the earlier Roman temple, reflecting the transition from Roman to Christian dominance.
The Archaeological Museum of Salona – Exhibits a variety of artifacts from the ancient city, offering insights into its history and culture.
Write 5 sentences about the history of Split.
It has a rich history that dates back to ancient times, its founding attributed to the Greek colony of Aspálathos in the 3rd century BC. The city became a major Roman settlement when Emperor Diocletian chose it as the location for his retirement palace in 305 AD, known as the Diocletian’s Palace. Over the centuries, Split evolved from a Roman imperial residence to a thriving medieval city, influenced by both Byzantine and Venetian rule. During the 7th century, the city became a refuge for people fleeing from invasions and developed into a significant center of Croatian culture and politics. Today, Split is known for its vibrant blend of ancient Roman history, medieval architecture, and modern Croatian life.
Write 5 sentences about the Diocletian’s Palace
It was built between 295 and 305 AD, originally the retirement residence of the Roman Emperor Diocletian, situated along the eastern Adriatic coast in what is now Split. The palace is a grand Roman imperial complex, covers over 30,000 square meters and includes residential quarters, temples, a mausoleum, and a set of defensive walls, with four main gates: the Golden Gate, Silver Gate, Iron Gate, and Brass Gate. Among the most important parts of the palace are the Peristyle, a monumental central courtyard that served as the palace’s main gathering area, the Baptistery, originally Diocletian’s mausoleum, and the Cathedral of St. Domnius, which was built within the mausoleum and is one of the oldest Catholic cathedrals still in use. The layout of the palace was designed to resemble a Roman military camp, with its own streets, gates, and fortified walls. After Diocletian’s death, the palace became a centre of activity as the population of Split grew, with people eventually taking shelter inside its walls during times of conflict. The underground cellars of the palace, remarkably well-preserved, were used to store goods and are now a popular tourist attraction. The palace was once fortified with several defensive towers, and today it continues to serve as a living space, with around 3,000 people still residing within its walls, blending ancient history with modern life.
Where does Southern Dalmatia begin and end?
Southern Dalmatia begins at Gradac and ends at the Bay of Kotor.
What are the main natural attractions in Southern Dalmatia?
The main natural attractions include the Mljet National Park, Elaphiti Islands, Baćinska Lakes, Neretva River Delta, Pelješac Peninsula
What are the main cultural attractions in Southern Dalmatia?
Important cultural attractions include Dubrovnik Old Town (UNESCO World Heritage Site), Old Town of Korčula, Trsteno Arboretum, Ancient site of Narona, Ston walls, Franciscan monastery in Orebić, Nakovana Cave on the Pelješac Peninsula, Benedictine monastery of St. Mary in Mljet National Park, coastal town of Cavtat
Write a few sentences about the history of Dubrovnik.
Dubrovnik, originally known as Ragusa, has a rich history as an important maritime republic in the Middle Ages. It grew prosperous through trade, diplomacy, and a strong naval presence. In the 14th and 15th centuries, it reached its peak in cultural and economic power. In the second half of the 14th century, it achieved its present urban appearance. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Dubrovnik reached the peak of its prosperity. In 1436, the city received, among other things, a water supply system and sewage system, parts of which still function today. Dubrovnik remained independent until the early 19th century (1806) when it was annexed by Napoleon. After his downfall, Dubrovnik came under Austrian occupation in 1814. Following the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the city was assigned to Austrian Dalmatia. With the fall of Austria, the territory of the Dubrovnik Republic became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After World War II, the city belonged to the Socialist Republic of Croatia within the Yugoslav Federation
Since when has Dubrovnik had its current name, and when did it reach its peak prosperity?
Dubrovnik has carried its current Slavic name since 1918, while its peak prosperity occurred in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Who and when led to the decline of the old Dubrovnik Republic?
It was caused by Napoleon in 1806, when it was annexed to the French Empire.
How high and how thick are the walls of Dubrovnik?
They are 25 meters high. On the landward side up to 6 m, and on the seaward side up to 3 m thick.
What are the names of the most famous fortresses in Dubrovnik?
The most famous fortresses include Minčeta Fortress, Revelin, Lovrijenac Fortress, and Fort St. John.
What are the names of the most famous city gates in Dubrovnik?
The most famous city gates are the Pile Gate (the western gate) and Ploče Gate.
Where is Ivan Gundulić buried?
Ivan Gundulić is buried at the Franciscan Monastery in Dubrovnik.
In which monastery in Dubrovnik is the 14th-century pharmacy located?
The 14th-century pharmacy is located in the Franciscan Monastery in Dubrovnik.
Where were laws proclaimed and punishments imposed in Dubrovnik?
Laws were proclaimed and punishments imposed at the Roland’s Column in Dubrovnik.
What is the name of the most famous fountain in Dubrovnik?
The most famous fountain in Dubrovnik is the Onofrio Fountain
Who is the patron saint of Dubrovnik?
The patron saint of Dubrovnik is St. Blaise (Sveti Vlaho).
What is the name of the most famous column in Dubrovnik?
The most famous column in Dubrovnik is Roland’s Column.
When was Dubrovnik almost destroyed by an earthquake?
Dubrovnik was heavily damaged by an earthquake in 1667.
In which style is the Church of St. Blaise built?
The Church of St. Blaise is built in Baroque style.
From which century is the Rector’s Palace in Dubrovnik, and in which style is it built?
It dates from the 15th century and is built in Gothic style, with Renaissance elements added later
Where is the sword dance, Moreška, performed?
The Moreška sword dance is performed in Korčula.
What attractions is Korčula known for? (Name at least 3)
For its Old Town, St. Mark’s Cathedral, Marco Polo’s (alleged) house, Bishop’s Palace Houses, the seaside promenade.
What is the name of one of the oldest and largest botanical gardens on the European continent, located near Dubrovnik?
The Trsteno Arboretum
Whose settlement was Narona, and when was it first mentioned?
Narona was a Greek settlement, first mentioned in the 4th century BC by the historian Theopompus.
Why was Ston very important for the Dubrovnik Republic?
Ston was economically very important for the Dubrovnik Republic due to its salt production. Salt production and trade were a state monopoly and contributed significantly to Ragusa’s revenue.
How long are the walls of Ston?
The walls of Ston are 5.5 kilometers long, making them one of the longest defensive walls in Europe.
When was Cavtat founded and by whom?
Cavtat was founded by the Illyrians in the 7th century BC.
What is the name of the mausoleum built by Ivan Meštrović in Cavtat?
The mausoleum built by Ivan Meštrović in Cavtat is called the Mausoleum of the Račić Family.
Name 5 natural attractions in the Gorski Kotar region.
Risnjak National Park, Lake Lokvarsko, Bjelolasica Mountain, Lokvarka Cave, Golubinjak park forest, Zeleni Vir.
Where is an Orthodox monastery from the 17th century located?
In Gomirje.
Name three castles located in the mountain region of Croatia.
Castle Zrinski in Čabar, Stara Sušica castle near Ravna Gora, Bosiljevo Castle, Brod na Kupi Castle.
Describe the tourist offer in Delnice and its surroundings.
Delnice is a town located 696 meters above sea level. The locals live from timber processing. The moderate mountain climate and many natural beauties, as well as modern sports facilities, have promoted Delnice to become the tourism centre of the region. Delnice has nearly a hundred-year-old tradition in excursion, health, and sports tourism, making it a tourism centre in Gorski Kotar alongside its natural beauty and climatic features. Since Delnice is reachable in an hour from Rijeka and nearby holiday resorts on the Kvarner Riviera, it is suitable for day trips, short visits to the peaks of Gorski Kotar (Drgomalj, Petehovac), as well as for longer stays. Today, Delnice offers a variety of services: hotels, sports facilities, hunting grounds. At the foot of the Japlenski vrh peak, there are sports facilities (football, basketball, bowling, bocce) and two excellent ski jumps. Restaurants in Delnice are known for traditional specialties, especially wild game dishes. Hunting lodges can be rented from the forestry administration. Close to Delnice is the Risnjak National Park. When visiting this national park, the Leska educational trail is a must – one of the first educational trails in Croatia, easily accessible from Crni Lug, just a few minutes’ walk west of the National Park administration building. The trail is designed so that every visitor can explore it independently. Numerous wonderful natural and cultural details on the just 4.5 km long trail are excellent for getting to know this national park.
For what specialties are the restaurants in Delnice known?
Restaurants in Delnice are known for serving traditional Croatian mountain cuisine, including dishes such as roast lamb, game meat (wild boar, deer), goulash, and various types of grilled meats. They also offer hearty soups and stews, typical of the region’s cold climate.
What are the most notable natural attractions in Fužine?
The Vrelo Cave and the Bajer and Lepenica lakes.
What natural beauties lie near Skrad?
Zeleni Vir is a protected area below Skrad, where the Zeleni Vir spring, the Vražji prolaz gorge, and the Muževa Hiža cave are located. These beautiful natural landmarks are a major attraction, often visited by tourists, especially hikers.
Write about the protected area Zeleni Vir.
It is a strong spring under a high rock. The spring water of Zeleni Vir forms a small lake that appears greenish at first glance. However, the water, after which the spring is named, is crystal clear. A stream flows from the cave, forming a 70-meter-high waterfall that often freezes in winter and is very popular among ice climbers. It then flows through a deep gorge called Vražji prolaz (Devil’s Passage). At the exit of Vražji prolaz, one can see a spacious opening in the rock. This is Muževa Hižica (Man’s Hut). An underground tunnel leads to a chamber with a small lake. Researchers have found the rarest specimen of our fauna here, namely the Proteus anguinus (Olm). The water and air temperatures here are about 8°C. One can visit Zeleni Vir, Vražji prolaz, and the cave Muževa Hižica in one day, which takes no more than 3 hours on foot. A guided tour is available for visitors.
What is the largest illuminated cave in Croatia?
The Lokvarka cave is the largest illuminated cave in Croatia. It was discovered in 1912. Since the introduction of electricity in 1935, and later the installation of iron staircases, the cave has gained more importance in the tourist offering of Lokve. Due to its beauty and numerous different decorations, the cave was declared a natural monument. Today, it is one of the largest caves in Croatia suitable for tourist visits. Accompanied by a guide, visitors can explore four galleries. Others are not fully explored and therefore represent a real challenge for cavers and other adventure enthusiasts. The temperature in the cave remains constant between 6.5°C and 8°C, making a visit during the summer months a refreshing experience.
Where does the name Lika come from?
According to tradition, the name Lika comes from the word Lik, which in the Croatian Ikavian dialect means “medicine” and refers to the numerous medicinal herbs found there. Other sources suggest the name derives from the Greek likos = “wolf”.
Where does the name Gospić come from?
The name probably originates from the Croatian word Gospa (meaning “Madonna, Mother of God”).
Which natural attractions are located close to Gospić?
The Plitvice Lakes National Park, the Northern Velebit National Park, the Velebit Nature Park.
Smiljan is renowned for being the birthplace of which famous person?
Nikola Tesla
What is referred to as “the jewel of Slunj”?
The Rastoke Watermill Village.
Which river runs through Otočac?
The Gacka River.
What is the Gacka River famous for?
Its abundant trout population, crystal clear and calm water ideal for canoeing or stand-up-paddling.
