2. Introduction To Microbes

Question 1

How are DNA viruses classified?

Answer 1

Single-stranded non-enveloped
Double-stranded non-enveloped
Double-stranded enveloped

Question 2

What are bacteriophages?

Answer 2

Viruses that infect bacteria

Question 3

Why can plasmids be bad?

Answer 3

Can carry genes for antibiotic resistance

Can move between different bacteria species

Question 4

What are the 3 bacterial shapes?

Answer 4

Coccus - circular
Spirillus
Bacillus - rods

Question 5

What are clusters and chains of cocci?

Answer 5

Clusters look like grapes - mainly staphylococci

Chains - mainly streptococci

Question 6

What are obligate aerobes?

Answer 6

Require oxygen for survival

Question 7

What are obligate anaerobes?

Answer 7

Require oxygen-free environment for survival (unless able to form spores)

Question 8

What are mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis? (Virulence factors)

Answer 8

Host entry
Adherence to host cells
Invasive ness
Iron sequestration

Question 9

What are mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis? (Toxins)

Answer 9

Endotoxins

Exotoxins

Question 10

What ate single-cells and multicellular fungi?

Answer 10

Yeasts - single

Molds - multi

Question 11

What are single celled and multicellular parasites?

Answer 11

Protozoa- single

Helminths - multi/worms