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Infection > 12. Infections On Surfaces > Flashcards

12. Infections On Surfaces Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the viruses found on the skin?

A

Papilloma

Herpes simplex

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2
Q

What are some of the bacteria found on the skin?

A

Gram +: staph aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, corynebacterium
Gram -: enterobacteriaceae

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3
Q

What are some of the fungi on the skin?

A

Yeasts

Dermatoophytes

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4
Q

What is a possible parasite on the skin?

A

Mites

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5
Q

How do people get infections?

A 
Mircrobiota
Invasion
Migration
Inoculation
Haemaogenous
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6
Q

Give some examples of natural external surface infections

A 
Cellulitis
Pharyngitis
Conjunctivitis
Gastroenteritis
UTI
Pneumonia
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7
Q

Give some examples of natural internal surface infections

A

Endovascular - endocarditis, vasculitis
Septic arthritis
Osteomyelitis
Empyema

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8
Q

Give some examples of prosthetic surface infections

A 
Intravascular lines
Peritoneal dialysis catheters
Prosthetic joints
Cardiac valves
Pacing wires
Endovascular grafts
Ventricular-peritoneal shunts
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9
Q

What can native valve endocarditis and prosthetic valve endocarditis >1 year post operation be caused by?

A 
Viridans streptococci
Enterococcus faecalis
Staph aureus
HACEK group
Candida
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10
Q

What can prosthetic valve endocarditis <1 year post operation be cause by?

A

Coagulase negative staphylococci

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11
Q

What are the causative organisms of prosthetic joint infections?

A

Coagulase negative staphylococci

Staphylococcus aureus

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12
Q

What are the causative organisms for cardiac pacing wire endocarditis?

A

Coagulase negative staphylococci

Staphylococcus aureus

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13
Q

What are the processes in pathogenesis of infection a surfaces?

A

Adherence to host cells or prosthetic surface
Biofilm formation
Invasion and multiplication
Host response - pyogenic, granulomatous

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14
Q

How do bacteria adhere to cells?

A

Pili or fimbriae on bacteria bind to receptors on cell membrane

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15
Q

What are the 3 principles of quorum sensing?

A

Signalling molecules - autoinducers
Cell surface or cytoplasmic receptors
Gene expression -> cooperative behaviours and more autoinducer production

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16
Q

What is quorum sensing in bacteria?

A

Enables bacteria to restrict the expression of specific genes to the cell densities at which the resulting phenotypes will be most beneficial

17
Q

What is the management of infections of surfaces?

A 
Treatment
Aim: sterilise tissue, reduce bioburden
Antibacterials
Remove prosthetic material
Surgery - resect infected material
18
Q

How can you prevent natural surface infections?

A

Maintain surface integrity
Prevent bacterial surface colonisation
Remove colonising bacteria

19
Q

How can you prevent prosthetic surface infections?

A

Prevent contamination
Inhibit surface colonisation
Remove colonising bacteria

Infection (18 decks)

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