2. Intro the Osteopathic Cranial Manipulation Flashcards
Who is credited for starting cranial manipulation?
William Garner Sutherland
Explain the basis (not componenets) of primary respiratory mechanism (PRM)
Primary: cranial motion is the “fundamental process of life”
Respiratory: cranial motion is the “breath of life”
Mechanism: pattern of tissue and fluid movement with a distinct purpose
What are the five components of PRM?
- Inherent mobility (passive) of brain and SC
- Fluctuation of CSF
- Mobility of intracranial and intraspinal membranes
- Articulatory mobility of cranial bones
- Involuntary (passive) mobility of sacrum between ilia
What is the driving push in CSF and how many times is CSF cycled through?
Cranial Rhythmic Impulse
The driving force that moves CSF through 10-14 cycles/minute
(Fluctuation of CSF)
What are the motion chracracteristics of the Cranial Rhythmic Impulse? R-RADS
Rate: 10-14 BPM
Rhythm: regular, but can have variation
Amplitude: SD may diminish amplitude
Direction: healthy is linear, SD is asymmetric
Strength
What is the intracranial and intraspinal membranes and what do they come together to create?
Intracranial membranes are the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli that make the “Sutherland Fulcrum”
What is the Sutherland Fulcrum?
A name for the straight sinus as the origin of the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli
Describe the Reciprocal Tension Membrane?
The meninges and spinal cord make a link with the cranium that correlates with movement in the sacrum
-the “core link”
What do the tentorium and falx come together to create?
The reciprocal tension membrane
Allows for constant tension and acts like a spring to store energy
Why is the straight sinus, or sutherland fulcrum, said to be a suspended automatic shifting fulcrum?
Suspended: pivot point of fulcrum remains within RTM created by falx and tentorium
Automatic: passive motion
Shifting: straight sinus moves up and down
What is the anterior/superior pole of the RTM?
Crista galli
What is the anterior/inferior pole of the RTM?
Clinoid process of sphenoid
What is the lateral pole of the RTM?
Mastoid angle of parietals
Petrous ridges of the temporal bones
What is the posterior pole of the RTM?
Internal occipital protuberance
Transverse ridges
1) What is the suture between the parietal and temporal bones?
2) Parietal and Occipital?
3) Occipital and Temporal?
4) Sphenoid and Temporal
5) Parietal and Frontal?
6) Temporal and Zygomatic
7) 2 Parietal Bones
1) Parietosquamous Suture
2) Lambdoidal
3) Occipitomastoid Suture
4) Sphenosquamous
5) Coronal
6) Temporozygomatic
7) Sagittal
1) What bones meet in Asterion?
2) Pterion?
3) Both Parietals and Frontal
4) Both Parietals and Occiput
1) Occipital, Temporal, Parietal
2) Sphenoid, Temporal, Parietal
3) Bregma
4) Lambda
What is the name of the synchondrosis between the sphenoid bone and clivus of the occipital lobe?
What is it?
Sphenobasilar Synchondrosis (SBS) -relatively rigid hyaline cartilaginous junction
FLEXION
1) Which way do the Basi-occiput and Basi-sphenoid move during flexion of the SBS?
2) Greater Wing of the Sphenoid?
3) Occipital Squama movement?
1) Superior
2) Anterior and Inferior
3) Posterior and Inferior
EXTENSION
1) Which way do the Basi-occiput and Basi-sphenoid move during EXTENSION of the SBS?
2) Greater Wing of the Sphenoid?
3) Occipital Squama movement?
1) Inferior
2) Posterior and Superior
3) Anterior and Superior
When the SBS extends, what is the effect on the inferior angle?
What is extension paired with?
Increases
Extension paired with exhalation
When the SBS flexes, what is the effect on the inferior angle?
What is Flexion paired with?
Decreases
Flexion is paired with inhalation
Where does the dural attachment from the foramen magnum attach to the sacrum?
Disc of S2
Which axis involves motion of the sacrum with repiration?
Superior Transverse
What axis involves motion of the sacrum that changes with posture?
Middle Transverse
