2-Information System Hardware Flashcards
Hardware
Element basis of information systems
Central Processing Unit
Is the main hardware component of a computer system. It executes instructions in computer programs.
Bus
An internal component in a computer that provides the means for the computer’s other components to communicate with each other..
Example : USB, Serial ATA, PCI espress, etc
Main storage
Used for short-term storage information. It’s used for several purposes such as :
• OS • Buffers • Storage of program code,
Main storage ‘s memory
It’s volatile- information stored here is temporary
Technologies used in a computer for the main storage
- DRAM or Dynamic RAM
* SRAM or Static Ram
Secondary storage
Permanent storage. Can last for years.
Example: Hard disk drives or solid-state drives
Firmwave
Firmware is special-purpose storage that is used to store the instructions needed to start a computer system.
Input/Output
Means that computers use to accept or sending data from or to external destination
Method that computer use to transfer data
- Input/output (I/O) devices - attached external devices
* Networking - connected to a local or wide area data network.
Grid computer
describe a large number of loosely coupled computers that are used to solve a common task.
Server clusters
Tigthly coupled collection of computers that is used to solve a common task. Clusters operate in two modes:
- Active-active mode - all servers perform task
- Active-passive mode - some servers are in standby state, waiting to become active in a event called a failover.
Virtualization
Virtualization refers to the set of technologies that permits two or more running operating systems (of the same type, or different types) to reside on a single physical computer.
Why use Virtualization
to run many applications or tools on a single physical server
Virtualization software
Also, know as Hypervisor, emulates computer hardware so that an operating system running in a virtualized environment does not know that it is actually running on a virtual
Why Virtualization software provides security
By isolating each running operating system and preventing it from accessing or interfering with others.
Gateway
A server that performs some manner of data transformation—for instance, converting messages from one format to another—between two applications.
Production server, and test server
- Production server supports actual business use
* Test Server is used to test new programs or configuration
- Thick client
* Thin client
- Thick client is a user’s computer that contains a fully functional operating system and application programs.
- Thin user’s workstation that contains a minimal operating system and little or no data storage.
