2: Hypoparathyroidism Flashcards
What is hypoparathyroidism
Low concentration circulating parathyroid hormone
What is primary hypoparathyroidism
Low concentration PTH due to defect in pituitary gland
What are three causes of primary hypoparathyroidism
- Autoimmune: second most-common cause
- Congenital: DiGeorge’s,
- Infiltration: Wilson’s, Haemochromatosis
What congenital syndrome causes primary hypoparathyroidism
Di George’s syndrome (22q 11 deletion syndrome)
What are infiltrative causes of hypoparathyroidism
Haemochromatosis
Wilson’s disease
What is the second most common cause of hypoparathyroidism
Autoimmune
What is secondary hypoparathyroidism
Low PTH secondary to another cause
What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism
Parathyroidectomy
What are two other causes of secondary hypoparathyroidism
- Low magnesium
- Radiation
What does low magnesium cause hypoparathyroidism
Magnesium is required to aid PTH secretion
What is pseudohypoparathyroidism
Genetic condition where there is tissue resistance to PTH
What is the inheritance pattern of pseudohypoparahtyroidism
Autosomal dominant
What is pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
Where person has morphological features of pseduohypoparathyroidism but normal morphology
What are 3 RF for hypoparathyroidism
- DiGeorge
- Parathyroidectomy
- Thyroidectomy
How does hypoparathyroidism manifest in acute stages
Hypocalcaemia
What are symptoms of hypocalcaemia
Peri-oral tingling
Chovstek
Trosseaus
Seizures
Prolong QT
Arrhythmias
Laryngospasm
Bronchospasm
What is chovstek sign
Tapping over facial nerve causing cheek spasm - due to neuronal excitability
What is trosseaus sign
Inflation BP cuff over brachial artery causes spasm
What causes chronic manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
Calcification of the basal ganglia
What does calcification of the basal ganglia cause
Extra-Pyramidal symptom s
What occular diseases are present in hypocalcaemia
Cataracts
Keratoconjunctivitis
What skeletal abnormalities are present in hypocalcaemia
Increase BMD
What cutaneous manifestations are present in chronic hypoparathyroidism
Cutaneous dry, puffy, coarse skin
What are the symptoms specific to pseudohypoparathyroidism (and pseudo, pseudo)
- Low IQ
- Calcified basal ganglia
- Round Face
- Short stature
- Short 4th and 5th metacarpal
