Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine > 2: Diabetes Insipidus > Flashcards

2: Diabetes Insipidus Flashcards

1
Q

What is diabetes insipidus

A

Reduced circulating ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of diabetes insipidus

A
  1. Cranial diabetes insipidus

2. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is cranial diabetes insipidus

A

Reduced secretion of ADH from posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 causes of cranial diabetes insipidus

A
  1. Congenital
  2. Wolfram Syndrome
  3. Infiltration
  4. Idiopathic
  5. Trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Wolfram syndrome

A

Combination of:

  • Diabetes Insipidus
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Optic atrophy
  • Deafness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can cause infiltration leading to diabetes insipidus

A

Sarcoidosis
Histocytosis
Haemochromatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is nephrogenic diabetes inspidus

A

Insensitivity of kidney of ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A
  • Genetic: ADH or aquaporin-2 mutation
  • Metabolic - high calcium or low potassium
  • Demeclocycline
  • Lithium
  • Tubo-intestitial disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the symptoms of diabetes inspidus

A
  • Polydipsia
  • Polyuria
  • Nocturia can lead to daytime sleepiness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain pathophysiology of diabetes inspidus

A

Deficiency in ADH. Leads to less aquaporin-2 channels inserted in DCT causing water excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is first-line investigation for diabetes inspidus

A

Serum: urine osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When can diabetes inspidus be excluded based on osmolality and why

A

If urine osmolality: serum osmolality is more than 2:1. As in diabetes inspidus there is water loss, decreasing urine osmolality and increasing serum osmolality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is main diagnostic test for diabetes inspidus

A

Water deprivation test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain first step of water deprivation test

A

Deprive individual of water for 8h. Then weigh individuals hourly. Weight loss of >3% or serum osmolality >300 = proceed to stage 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the aim of step-2 of the water deprivation test

A

To distinguish cranial diabetes inspidus from nephrogenic diabetes inspidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is done in stage 2

A

Desmopressin IM then calculate urine osmolality for next 4 hours

17
Q

Explain results in cranial diabetes inspidus and why

A

Increase in urine osmolality (>600).

As in cranial diabetes inspidus there is a deficiency in a ADH. Therefore when ADH is given - it acts on the kidney and increase water reabsorption. This increases the concentration of urine and hence osmolality

18
Q

Explain results in nephrogenic diabetes inspidus

A

No increase in urine osmolality. As receptors cannot respond to desmopressin.

19
Q

How is cranial diabetes inspidus managed

A

Desmopressin

20
Q

How is nephrogenic diabetes inspidus managed

A

Treat underlying cause

If persists manage with thiazide diuretics

Endocrine (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions